| 摘要: |
| 润湿性是赋予材料表面的重要特征之一，对功能件服役行为具有极为重要的作用。影响表面润湿性的主要因素包括材料表面能、表面表面粗糙度以及表面微纳结构，而鲜有定量研究其间关系。对表面微纳结构和化学修饰对润湿性影响进行研究，首先介绍表面润湿性的三种经典理论模型及润湿理论的最新进展，详细综述国内外学者对表面微纳结构和化学修饰对表面润湿性影响的研究现状，分析并讨论接触角随表面粗糙度变化的内在机理和成因，阐述表面微织构对润湿性的影响及在不同领域内化学修饰的作用，最后总结当前面临的主要问题和未来的发展方向。结果表明，表面微织构和调控表面能是调控材料表面润湿性的关键因素和基本条件；在润湿理论逐步完善的过程中，建立起的修正物理与数学模型使试验数据与理论模型更具匹配性，以期得到适用性更广的理论模型；润湿性表面的制备也逐渐从单一的圆形、方形和沟槽微结构向微-纳多尺度、 多层复合微织构和仿生功能性表面的创成与优化等方向发展；激光加工结合其他技术实现多响应、多功能润湿性表面的制备是未来的重要研究方向：材料表面润湿性影响因素众多，除受表面微纳结构和化学修饰的影响外，功能表面会与基底材料和周围环境发生化学反应，也会导致润湿性转变。综述了特殊润湿性表面制备方法和原理及应用领域，可为相关研究提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 润湿性 表面微纳结构 化学修饰 理论模型 激光加工 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007?9289.20221207001 |
| 分类号:TG178 |
| 基金项目:国铁集团科技研发计划重点课题（N2021T012）；江西省杰出青年基金（20212ACB214003）；国家自然科学基金（52061012）资助项目 |
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| Research Progress on the Effect of Surface Micro-nano Structure and Chemical Modification on Wettability |
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LIU Lin1, XIONG Guangyao1,2, SHEN Mingxue1,2
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1.School of Material Science and Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013 , China;2.Key Laboratory of Conveyance and Equipment of Ministry of Education,East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013 , China
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| Abstract: |
| Wettability is an important characteristic of a material surface and significantly contributes toward the service behavior of functional parts. Thus, the wetting behavior of droplets on solid surfaces can effectively guide the design and application of functional surfaces, as well as further improve the surface properties and service capabilities of functional parts, providing broad application prospects in national defense, daily life, and other industries. In addition, the main factors affecting surface wettability include the material surface energy, surface roughness, and surface micro / nanostructure. However, few scholars have quantitatively studied the relationship between these parameters, and there is no clear description of how the surface wettability can be regulated through the interface. Therefore, the effects of the surface micro-nano structure and chemical modification on wettability are examined in this work, and three classical theoretical models of surface wettability and new progress in wetting theory are introduced. Then, the research status of the influence of surface micro / nanostructures and chemical modification on surface wettability is reviewed in detail. The internal mechanism and causes of the change in contact angle with roughness are discussed and analyzed. Furthermore, the influence of surface microtexture on wettability and the role of chemical modification in different fields are described. Finally, the main problems and future development directions are summarized. With the gradual improvement of the wetting theory, relevant theoretical research has gradually changed from idealization to more suitable outcomes for actual working conditions. Many researchers have attempted to extend and modify the classical wetting model based on the corresponding theory combined with a large amount of experimental data. Subsequently, the resulting modified physical and mathematical models produced experimental data more compatible with the theoretical model, thus establishing a more applicable theoretical model. Similarly, the wettability surface textures have gradually developed from the single pattern of circular, square, and groove microstructure to the current micro-nano multiscale, multilayer composite micro-texture and bionic functional surface. Laser processing combined with other technologies to achieve multiresponsive and multifunctional surface wettability is an important future research direction. More specifically, many factors affect the wettability of a material surface, which will react with the substrate material and surrounding environment, besides the influence of the surface micro / nanostructure and chemical modification. Herein, the preparation methods, principles, and applications of special wettability surfaces are summarized, which can provide a valuable reference for scholars engaged in related research. In general, surface wettability technology remains in the preliminary exploration stage, and existing research is only at the tip of the iceberg. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a surface wettability test standard that considers surface microstructure, material, environment, and other factors. Unfortunately, the current production method cannot efficiently prepare low-cost, multiscale, micro / nano functional surfaces. Regarding the demand for green and sustainable development, there is an urgent need to meet the practical requirements of economic and environmentally friendly low-surface-energy modification, high-strength wettability, functional surface stability, and excellent service life for functional parts. Generally, there is room for improvement. In future, a database for the preparation of wettable functional surfaces should be established. Then, based on collected experimental data and integration of the concept of green environmental protection, a combination of numerical simulations and experiments should be used to obtain simple and fast processing technology, as well as parameters to realize fine and complex or multiphase precise wetting. This will be significant for specific applications such as military facilities, cell engineering, and intelligent sensing. |
| Key words: wettability surface micro-nano structure chemical modification theoretical model laser processing |
