| 摘要: |
| 随着风电事业的迅猛发展，风电机组关键部件磨蚀问题日益突出，而关于该问题的全面综述鲜有报道，亟须系统分析总结风电机组磨蚀问题及防治手段，为解决长期困扰风电行业的磨蚀难题提供参考和建议。首先，阐述陆上及海上风电机组金属部件腐蚀磨蚀现状，统计国内典型区域非金属部件的磨蚀现状，分析其产生磨蚀损伤的机理，指出塔筒等金属结构件腐蚀磨蚀问题突出，叠加所在地的特殊区域环境，出现加速失效；齿轮等金属零部件的磨蚀损伤是进一步失效的诱发因素，表现出与承担功能相关的特有失效形式；非金属部件以叶片前缘的磨蚀最为突出，引起持续的发电量损失和维修费用激增。其次，分别综述风电机组金属部件和非金属部件的磨蚀防护技术，指出塔筒等结构件在普遍应用传统涂层保护的基础上，仍须探索包覆技术和附加防护装置等新的防护方式；叶片本体涂料防护技术相对成熟，但涂料防护和贴膜防护均无法满足叶片前缘全周期防护的要求。最后，分析总结风电机组关键部件磨蚀防治存在的主要技术问题，对后续的研究方向进行了探讨和展望，填补了风电机组关键部件磨蚀防治领域的综述空白。 |
| 关键词: 塔筒 叶片 磨蚀 现状及防治 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007?9289.20220215001 |
| 分类号:TG178 |
| 基金项目:西安热工研究院有限公司研究开发基金资助项目(TQ-20-TYK35) |
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| Research Progress on the Current Situation and Prevention of Erosion of Key Components of Wind Turbines |
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LI Taijiang, LI Wei, LIU Liying, LI Jutao, WANG Caixia, LI Shengwen, SUN Qi
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Xi’ an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd.,Xi’ an 710054 ,China
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| Abstract: |
| Wind power is a new type of energy that differs from traditional fossil fuels. It has the advantages of environmental friendliness, convenience, cleanliness, and economic efficiency. An increasing number of countries have focused on wind power for future development. However, with the rapid development of the wind power industry, the erosion of critical components such as wind turbine towers, blades, bolts, and gears has become a major problem. Erosion of parts poses a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of wind turbines. However, comprehensive reviews of this topic have been rare. Therefore, systematic analysis and summaries of the erosion problems and preventative measures for critical wind turbine components are urgent, as these will provide references and basis for solving the problems that have long plagued the wind power industry. First, the erosion status of metal components of on- and offshore wind turbines is described. The erosion status of non-metal parts in typical regions in China and the mechanism responsible for erosion damage are analyzed. Previous studies have shown that the erosion of metal structural parts such as towers is a major problem, and the environmental effects derived from specific regions promote accelerated failure. The impact damage of the gas-solid two-phase flow in an onshore aeolian sand area and the synergistic coupling of multiple factors in sea-splash and tidal-range areas are the most critical and complex. Erosion damage to metal parts such as gears often induces further failure. Depending on their unique functions and the different service environments, metal parts exhibit unique failure behaviors. The erosion damage at the leading edge of the blade is the most prominent in non-metallic parts. This is because rain, sand, dust, and other particles contact the surface of the leading edge of a rapidly rotating blade, creating pressure waves. Continuous pressure wave damage causes cracking and shedding of the protective layer and damage of the basal body. The result is a continuous loss of power generation and a huge increase in maintenance costs. Second, the erosion protection technology of wind turbine metal parts is reviewed in terms of coating protection, covering system protection, and additional protection devices; that of non-metallic parts is reviewed in terms of coating and tape protection. Based on the general application of traditional coating protection for structural parts such as towers, covering system protection technology has been applied in some anti-corrosion demonstration projects of offshore wind power plants, and the impressed current cathodic protection has also achieved good results. However, new protective methods, such as covering system technology, and additional protective devices must be further explored. Blade body coating protection technology is relatively mature and can ensure long-term blade service. However, for the erosion of the leading edge of the blade, mainstream coating and tape protection cannot meet the full-cycle protection requirements of wind turbines. During service, the protective layer inevitably becomes damaged and degraded, thus requiring regular maintenance. Finally, the main technical problems in the prevention and control of erosion of the critical components of wind turbines are analyzed and summarized, and future research directions are discussed. This study fills a review gap in the areas of erosion prevention and the management of critical components of wind turbines. |
| Key words: tower tube blade erosion current situation and prevention |
