| 引用本文: | 贺小燕,白秀琴,袁成清,任坤.纳米复合海洋防污涂料研究进展*[J].中国表面工程,2023,36(5):37~51 |
| HE Xiaoyan,BAI Xiuqin,YUAN Chengqing,REN Kun.Research Progress of Nanomaterial-based Coatings for Marine Antifouling Applications[J].China Surface Engineering,2023,36(5):37~51 |
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| 摘要: |
| 海洋生物污损带来巨大的损失是亟须解决的难题。开发含纳米填料的无机-有机杂化涂料是传统防污手段的绿色替代方案，然而目前缺乏纳米复合涂料在海洋防污领域应用的系统报道。综述无机纳米材料改性聚合物涂料的研究进展，按照防污机制的不同，重点总结低表面能纳米复合防污涂料、超疏水纳米复合防污涂料、释放型纳米复合防污涂料、催化型纳米防污涂料、多因素协同纳米防污涂料的研究现状，对其防污特性进行分析，并指出各类涂层所存在的问题。最后，提出无机纳米材料在聚合物中的稳定分散、多种防污机制协同优化、无机纳米复合涂层的长效防污性能保障是纳米防污涂料在海洋防污领域所面临的难题及未来发展方向，填补了纳米复合涂料在海洋绿色防污领域应用系统报道的空白。 |
| 关键词: 生物污损 纳米复合 海洋防污涂料 防污机制 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007?9289.20221128002 |
| 分类号:U661 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（52001238）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项（2022IVA013）资助项目 |
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| Research Progress of Nanomaterial-based Coatings for Marine Antifouling Applications |
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HE Xiaoyan1,2, BAI Xiuqin1,2, YUAN Chengqing1,2, REN Kun3
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1.State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063 , China;2.Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Wuhan University of Technology Xiangyang Demonstration Zone,Xiangyang 441000 , China;3.SAIC General Motors Corporation Limited Wuhan Branch, Wuhan 430208 , China
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| Abstract: |
| Marine biofouling is a serious problem, restricting the development of naval architecture and ocean engineering. Thus, strategies that can effectively inhibit marine biofouling are required. Many efficient antifouling approaches have been developed. The most successful antifouling strategies have been the employment of paints and coatings with released biocides to destroy colonizers. However, biocide-based coatings are often restricted by their short-term efficiency and harmfulness. Inorganic-organic hybrid coatings containing nanofillers are environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional biocide-based coatings. However, there have been few comprehensive and systematic reports on the research progress of nanocomposite coatings for marine antifouling applications. Development of inorganic nanomaterial-based coatings in recent years is reviewed in this paper, focusing on low-surface-energy nanocomposite coatings, superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings, agent-releasing nanocomposite coatings, catalytic nanocomposite coatings, and synergistic nanocomposite coatings for antifouling applications. Traditional fouling-release technologies can benefit from addition of nanoparticles with a concentration of a few percent. Small amounts of nanofillers can improve the durability and fouling-release capabilities of low-surface-energy coatings. However, nanocomposite coatings with low surface energy lose their biofouling resistance in a stable liquid environment. Nanoparticles are dispersed in polymer matrices to obtain superhydrophobic surfaces by altering surface roughness or forming micro / nanostructures, resulting in self-cleaning properties. Superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings do not provide adequate long-term antifouling capacity in a floating-liquid environment. In contrast to low-surface-energy nanocomposite coatings and superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings that prevent biofouling by release and resistance, agent-releasing nanocomposite coatings disrupt the adhesion mechanism or kill fouling species by releasing an antifoulant. Nanoparticles can be used as antifouling agents or antifouling carriers to achieve effective antifouling performance. Agent-releasing nanocomposite coatings are limited by their negative effects on non-target organisms and their short-term efficiency, losing activity over time due to the slow release of the biocidal component. A significant advantage of photoactive coatings and nanozyme-containing coatings is the absence of toxicants leaching into the marine environment. Photoactive coatings exhibit fouling-degrading properties through highly toxic reactive oxygen species upon irradiation by light. Application of photoactive nanocomposite coatings is limited by access of light. Nanozyme-containing coatings are likely to lose their antimicrobial activity if they are contaminated by the adhered dead bacteria. These nanocomposite coatings can significantly reduce the rate of fouling, although they are limited by several problems including broad-spectrum antifouling activity and long-term efficiency. There is a need for development of synergistic coatings with a combination of fouling-resistant, fouling-release, or fouling-degrading strategies to guarantee broad-spectrum antifouling activity and long-term efficiency. Blending of ternary or quaternary nanoparticles can achieve a synergistic antifouling effect. Nanomaterial-based coatings are a green and efficient antifouling technology. Stable dispersion of inorganic nanomaterials in polymers, construction of coatings based on synergistic effects, and long-term antifouling performance of nanocomposite coatings are the key issues and future development directions in the field of marine antifouling. This review presents a comprehensive and systematic report on marine antifouling technology using nanocomposite coatings and offers guidance in the development of green antifouling coatings. |
| Key words: biofouling nanocomposite marine antifouling coating antifouling mechanism |
