| 引用本文: | 高亚丽,路鹏勇,刘宇,张冬冬,佟妍.镁合金表面激光熔覆研究现状*[J].中国表面工程,2023,36(3):22~39 |
| GAO Yali,LU Pengyong,LIU Yu,ZHANG Dongdong,TONG Yan.Research Status of Laser Cladding on Magnesium Alloy[J].China Surface Engineering,2023,36(3):22~39 |
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| 镁合金表面激光熔覆研究现状* |
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高亚丽, 路鹏勇, 刘宇, 张冬冬, 佟妍
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东北电力大学机械工程学院 吉林 132012
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| 摘要: |
| 作为最轻的金属结构材料之一的镁合金，其较差的耐磨蚀性和低硬度限制了在工业中更为广阔的应用。激光熔覆涂层因具有稀释度小、组织致密、涂层与基体结合好等优点，可显著提高镁合金表面硬度和耐磨蚀性，获得密切关注，然而此方面缺乏系统的综述研究。以镁合金涂层材料的设计原则为出发点，首次从二元合金涂层、复合性增强涂层、非晶态合金涂层、 高熵合金涂层、功能梯度涂层以及医用材料涂层 6 个方面，综述镁合金表面激光熔覆涂层材料设计体系，并分析每种涂层材料体系的性能特点。对镁合金在激光熔覆领域应用亟待解决的问题及未来发展方向进行展望，提出未来应结合超声振动技术、 电磁搅拌技术、高频微锻造技术和等离子喷涂技术等辅助技术，协同高通量材料计算模拟，开发用于镁合金激光熔覆的新型高性能合金，为镁合金表面激光熔覆的涂层设计提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 镁合金 激光熔覆 材料设计原则 材料体系 研究现状 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007?9289.20220722001 |
| 分类号:TG456 |
| 基金项目:吉林省“十三五”科学技术研究(20220098KJ)和吉林市科技局科技发展计划(201831785)资助项目 |
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| Research Status of Laser Cladding on Magnesium Alloy |
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GAO Yali, LU Pengyong, LIU Yu, ZHANG Dongdong, TONG Yan
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School of Mechanical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012 ,China
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| Abstract: |
| As one of the lightest metallic materials, Mg alloy has excellent properties including high specific stiffness and strength, and good shock absorption; thus, it is widely used in the aerospace, electronics, and automotive industries. However, the poor abrasion resistance and low hardness limit the long-term use of these alloys in industry. Laser cladding technology has been widely used in the surface treatment of Mg alloys due to its high energy density and rapid prototyping of complex structural parts, which significantly improves the surface hardness and abrasion resistance of Mg alloys, and has gained close attention from scholars at home and abroad. However, there is a lack of systematic review in this aspect, so this paper reviews the research status of laser cladding on Mg alloy surface considering the design principles and the design system of coating materials.To generate a defect-free coating with excellent performance, researchers generally follow the design principles of coating materials when selecting Mg alloy surface cladding materials: (1) Similar melting point; (2) Better wettability; (3) Similar thermal expansion coefficient. At present, the laser cladding material system for Mg alloy surfaces is divided into binary alloy coating, compound reinforced coating, amorphous alloy coating, high entropy alloy coating, functional gradient coating, and medical material coating. The binary alloy coatings mainly include Al-Si and Al-Cu. Because of the simple fabrication process of the cladding materials, the properties of the cladding layer are improved to a certain extent. However, due to less strengthening and limited degree of improvement, researchers also introduced some strengthening phases to obtain some composite strengthening coatings with better performance. Composite reinforced coatings include metal-ceramic composite coatings, metal-rare earth composite coatings, and metal-nanocomposite coatings. This kind of coating is based on metal elements, and different reinforcing phases are added to meet different needs. The amorphous alloy has unique advantages in corrosion resistance because of its special crystal structure; but also because of its own special crystal structure, the formation of amorphous alloy coating on the cladding process has extremely high requirements, so coating formation is uncertain. As a new design concept of alloy, high-entropy alloy has excellent properties. However, its compatibility with Mg alloy is poor, and few researchers have studied laser cladding high entropy alloy of Mg alloy. Thus, to solve the problems such as the large melting point difference, some scholars adopted functional gradient coating to achieve the metallurgical combination of coating and Mg alloy, reduce the stress between coating and Mg alloy, and reduce the generation of cracks and other defects. In addition to the industrial applications mentioned above, researchers also investigated the application of Mg alloys in the medical field as a biological implant material. Laser cladding technology, as a new surface modification technology, can significantly improve the surface properties of magnesium alloy. By controlling laser power, scanning speed, spot diameter, and powder mixing ratio, magnesium alloy has high hardness, excellent corrosion resistance, and wear resistance. However, with the continuous expansion of the application range of Mg alloy materials, the requirements for Mg alloy are higher and higher; a single laser cladding technology cannot meet such needs. Regarding genome project “material”, we can subsequently combine ultrasonic vibration, electromagnetic stirring technology, high-frequency auxiliary technologies such as micro forging technology and plasma spraying technology, collaborative simulation calculation, and high flux materials to develop a new high-performance alloy laser cladding for Mg alloy matrix, speed up the time from manufacture to application of discovery, and accelerate the development process. |
| Key words: magnesium alloy laser cladding material design principles material system research status |
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