激光冲击强化技术在核电领域的研究进展

蔡振兵; 周龙龙; 俞延庆; 方修洋; 余施佳; 周留成; 何卫锋; 李国杰; 何艳磊

引用本文:	蔡振兵,周龙龙,俞延庆,方修洋,余施佳,周留成,何卫锋,李国杰,何艳磊.激光冲击强化技术在核电领域的研究进展[J].中国表面工程,2024,37(1):41~58
	CAI Zhenbing,ZHOU Longlong,YU Yanqing,FANG Xiuyang,YU Shijia,ZHOU Liucheng,HE Weifeng,LI Guojie,HE Yanlei.Research Progress of Laser Shock Peening Technology in Nuclear Power Equipment[J].China Surface Engineering,2024,37(1):41~58

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激光冲击强化技术在核电领域的研究进展
蔡振兵¹, 周龙龙¹, 俞延庆¹, 方修洋¹, 余施佳¹, 周留成², 何卫锋², 李国杰³, 何艳磊³
1.西南交通大学摩擦学研究所成都 610031;2.空军工程大学等离子体动力学重点实验室西安 710038;3.西安天瑞达光电技术股份有限公司西安 710077

摘要:

激光冲击强化技术属于改善金属性能的重要表面形变强化技术，因其独特的技术优势在航天及船舶领域获得广泛应用。随着科技的发展研发出多种激光冲击强化技术，并逐渐开始在核电装备领域获得应用，然而针对该技术在核电领域的研究进展缺乏系统的综述。先通过介绍不同表面形变强化技术，叙述激光冲击强化技术的发展，阐述激光冲击强化机制，最后综述激光冲击强化技术在核电领域的应用研究进展。总结发现，激光冲击强化技术可有效改善核电领域材料力学、摩擦磨损及腐蚀性能，但传统和添加辅助手段激光冲击强化技术受约束层和吸收层影响较大，无涂激光冲击强化技术对金属易产生热效应，飞秒激光冲击强化影响层浅且强化效果差，不同工艺技术在核电领域提升摩擦磨损性能研究较少。对不同工艺激光冲击强化机理及在核电领域材料不同性能的提升进行深入研究，为进一步提升激光冲击强化技术在核电领域材料的应用提供理论基础，可为核电领域关键装备进行强化、提升核电装备运行寿命提供参考。

关键词: 激光强化核电装备摩擦磨损腐蚀极端环境先进制造

DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007-9289.20230403003

分类号:TN249

基金项目:国家重点研发项目（2022YFB3401901）；四川省科技项目（2022ZYD0029，2022JDJQ0019）

Research Progress of Laser Shock Peening Technology in Nuclear Power Equipment

CAI Zhenbing¹, ZHOU Longlong¹, YU Yanqing¹, FANG Xiuyang¹, YU Shijia¹, ZHOU Liucheng², HE Weifeng², LI Guojie³, HE Yanlei³

1.Tribology Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031 , China;2.Science and Technology on Plasma Dynamic Laboratory, Air Force Engineering University,Xi’ an 710038 , China;3.Xi’ an Tyrida Optical Electric Technology Co., Ltd., Xi’ an 710077 , China

Abstract:

Nuclear power is an effective method of generating electricity to address energy shortages and environmental degradation. However, nuclear power safety has been a lifeline for the development of nuclear energy. Materials in nuclear power fields remain in extreme environments and operate under complex stress states. Surface-strengthening technology is currently an important means of enhancing the life of nuclear power equipment materials. Among them, surface deformation strengthening technology is considered one of the most ideal strengthening methods owing to its advantages of not introducing new materials and the high bonding strength of the membrane base. The most widely used surface deformation strengthening technologies with high maturity include shot peening, rolling, and laser shock peening. Laser shock peening has the advantages of a precise and controllable process, a small effect on the metal surface roughness, no pollution, and a deeper impact layer. To reduce the limitations of its applications, laser shock peening has been developed without coating and femtosecond laser shock peening by simplifying the process. In comparison, the impact layer obtained by conventional laser shock peening was deeper, but the surface roughness was the highest. Laser shock peening without coating has a relatively small effect on the surface roughness of the metal but produces thermal effects, forming holes and cracks. Femtosecond laser shock peening has the smallest effect on the surface roughness but has the shallowest impact layer. Warm laser shock peening, cryogenic laser shock, and electric pulse-assisted laser shock peening have been developed to improve this strengthening effect. Through this review, it was deduced that auxiliary means to enhance the strengthening effect are mainly used in traditional laser shock peening. There has been no targeted research on improving the effect of laser shock peening without coating or femtosecond laser shock peening. The mechanism of laser shock peening is mainly related to the stacking fault energy of the material. The low stacking fault energy metal grain refinement mechanism is dominated by deformation twinning. The high stacking fault energy metal grain refinement mechanism was dominated by the dislocation slip. Currently, the application of nuclear power fields is primarily for basic research on nuclear power materials. Two different strengthening mechanisms are used to improve the mechanical properties of materials commonly used in nuclear power generation. One is the enhancement of the material hardness caused by grain refinement. The other is not grain refinement but a large number of dislocations owing to the material hardness enhancement. The improvement in the wear and corrosion resistance of materials commonly used in nuclear power generation is mainly due to grain refinement and the generation of large residual compressive stresses on the material surface. Through this review, it was deduced that the current research mainly focuses on the in-depth theoretical study of materials and less on the application of practical components. The effects of different processes of laser shock peening on the material performance improvement mechanism are not clear enough, and still need to be coupled with experiments and simulations to verify and reveal the strengthening mechanism. This paper mainly reviews research progress in the field of nuclear power and provides an outlook on the future development direction of laser shock peening in the field of nuclear power to provide a solid theoretical foundation for the laser shock peening with the aim of improving the application of laser shock peening in the field of nuclear power.

Key words: laser shock peening nuclear power friction and wear corrosion extreme environment advanced manufacturing