| 引用本文: | 薛海鹏,房磊琦,蔡飞,李明喜.AlCrBSiN复合涂层制备及高速干式切削性能*[J].中国表面工程,2023,36(4):118~128 |
| XUE Haipeng,FANG Leiqi,CAI Fei,LI Mingxi.Deposition and High-speed Dry Cutting Performance of AlCrBSiN-coated Cutters[J].China Surface Engineering,2023,36(4):118~128 |
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| AlCrBSiN复合涂层制备及高速干式切削性能* |
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薛海鹏1,2,3, 房磊琦1,2,3, 蔡飞1,2, 李明喜1,2,3
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1.安徽工业大学先进金属材料绿色制备与表面技术教育部重点试验室 马鞍山 243002;2.安徽工业大学现代表界面工程研究中心 马鞍山 243002;3.安徽工业大学材料科学与工程学院 马鞍山 243002
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| 摘要: |
| 针对 AlCrSiN 涂层难以满足高速干式切削加工的需求，通过添加 B 元素，利用多弧离子镀技术在硬质合金刀具表面制备高速干式切削性能优异的 AlCrBSiN 涂层。采用 X 射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、高温退火炉、测力仪以及数控车床表征涂层的结构、高温性能及高速干式切削性能。结果表明，不同 B 含量（0 at.%, 0.64 at.%和 1.03 at.%）的 AlCrBSiN 涂层中的相结构均为固溶的（Al，Cr）N 相，B 和 Si 元素主要以非晶 Si3N4和 BN 的形式存在，B 和 Si 元素均能够起到细化晶粒的作用；B5 涂层（0.64 at.%）显示出较好的结合强度（Lc2值为 52.8 N），而 B10 涂层（1.03 at.%）的硬度最高（3 618±71 HK0.05）；高温退火试验显示 B5 涂层具有最佳的高温稳定性能，而高速干式车削结果进一步表明 B5 涂层车刀切削力最小，切削寿命最高 （17 min），与未添加 B 的 AlCrSiN 相比提高了 21%。涂层刀具后刀面的主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损和粘结磨损，前刀面的主要磨损机理为氧化磨损、磨粒磨损和粘结磨损。B 元素可以提高 AlCrBSiN 涂层刀具的高温稳定性能和高速干式切削性能。所制备的 AlCrBSiN 涂层能有效提高刀具表面的高温和抗切削磨损性能，在高速干式切削领域具有较好的应用情景。 |
| 关键词: AlCrBSiN 涂层 高温性能 高速干式切削 磨损 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007?9289.20220831001 |
| 分类号:TG156 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（52271047）；安徽省自然科学基金（2208085ME106）；安徽省高等学校自然科学研究（KJ2021A0390）资助项目 |
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| Deposition and High-speed Dry Cutting Performance of AlCrBSiN-coated Cutters |
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XUE Haipeng1,2,3, FANG Leiqi1,2,3, CAI Fei1,2, LI Mingxi1,2,3
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1.Key Laboratory of Advanced Metal Materials Green Preparation and Surface Technology ofMinistry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002 , China;2.Research Center of Modern Surface and Interface Engineering, Anhui University of Technology,Maanshan 243002 , China;3.School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002 , China
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| Abstract: |
| The high-speed dry cutting technology has been widely used in the manufacturing industry because of its high machining accuracy, good surface quality of the machined workpiece, and environmental friendliness. However, the tool during the high-speed dry cutting process suffers from severe thermal / mechanical effects. Therefore, reducing the tool wear is one of the key approaches to improve the high-speed dry cutting technology. To meet the high requirements of coated tools in high-speed dry cutting, AlCrBSiN coatings were prepared on cemented carbide tools by a multiarc ion plating technique. X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the phases and microstructures of the AlCrBSiN coatings. A microhardness tester, scratch tester, and vacuum annealing furnace were used to analyze the mechanical and high-temperature properties. Furthermore, the high-speed dry cutting performance against 20CrMo of the AlCrBSiN coatings was investigated by a computer numerical control and high-accuracy dynamometer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction results show that the phase structures in the AlCrBSiN coatings with different B contents (0 at.%, 0.64 at.%, and 1.03 at.%) contain solid-soluble (Al, Cr)N phases. The B and Si elements are mainly in the form of amorphous Si3N4 and BN. Both B and Si elements result in grain refinement of the AlCrBSiN coatings. The thicknesses of B0, B5, and B10 coatings were on the order of ~4.0 μm. All coatings were well adhered to the substrate. The AlCrBSiN coatings could be divided into three parts: the bottom layer was a Cr+CrN adhesion layer, the middle layer was an AlCrN transition layer, and the top layer was an AlCrBSiN working layer. Microhardness and scratch experiments showed that the B5 coating (with a B content of 0.64 atom%) exhibited a higher adhesion strength (Lc2 of 52.8 N), while the B10 coating (with a B content of 1.03 atom%) exhibited the highest hardness (3 618 ± 71 HK0.05). A high-temperature annealing experiment showed that the microhardness of the coatings increased slightly after annealing at 800 ℃. Further increase in the annealing temperature to 1 000 ℃ resulted in phase decomposition and sharp decrease in microhardness. The B5 coating exhibited the highest temperature stability. The B5-coated cutter exhibited the smallest cutting force and longest life (17 min) during a high-speed dry turning against 20CrMo, 21% larger than that of the AlCrSiN coating without B. Various cutting stages including initial, middle, and failure stages were observed using scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy to investigate the wear mechanism evolution during the high-speed dry turning. Scanning electron microscopy observations on the coated cutters after turning showed that the main wear mechanism on the flank face was abrasive and adhesive wear, while the main wear mechanism on the rake face was oxidation, abrasive, and adhesive wear. The addition of B element improved the structural stability and microhardness at the as-deposited state and at a high temperature of the AlCrBSiN composite coating, which is beneficial to maintain the strong mechanical properties of the cutting edge of the coating tool under the high-speed dry cutting. The cutting force, friction factor, abrasive wear, and adhesive wear in the high-speed dry cutting process of the coating tool could be reduced, which shows better wear resistance and adhesion resistance, conducive to an extended service life of the coated tools. The high temperature stability and high-speed dry cutting performance of AlCrBN-coated cutters could be enhanced by the addition of B. The AlCrBSiN coating can effectively improve the high-temperature and cutting wear properties of the tool surface, which has a potential application in high-speed dry cutting. |
| Key words: AlCrBSiN coating high-temperature performance high-speed dry cutting performance wear resistance |
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