| 引用本文: | 申继文,明平美,薛宝龙,张新民,张云燕,陈月涛.旋带掩模电解织构化圆柱表面及其润湿性分析*[J].中国表面工程,2023,36(3):101~112 |
| SHEN Jiwen,MING Pingmei,XUE Baolong,ZHANG Xinmin,ZHANG Yunyan,CHEN Yuetao.Fabrication and Wetting Analysis of Weaving Cylindrical Surface by Rotating Through-mask Electrochemical Texturing[J].China Surface Engineering,2023,36(3):101~112 |
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| 旋带掩模电解织构化圆柱表面及其润湿性分析* |
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申继文1, 明平美1, 薛宝龙2, 张新民1, 张云燕1, 陈月涛3
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1.河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院 焦作 454000;2.中国印钞造币集团有限公司 北京 100083;3.郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 郑州 450000
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| 摘要: |
| 在圆柱面工件上高效、低成本地创制功能化极端润湿性表面仍面临重大技术挑战。对此提出旋带掩模电解织构技术。 该技术直接选用市售带状柔性电绝缘多孔高分子编织布为活动掩模，以中性盐 NaNO3溶液为电解液，基于旋带电解印制方式对金属圆柱表面进行织构化处理。介绍其工作原理，分析圆柱表面微织构形貌与几何廓形的演化过程，试验探究极间电压、 旋带速度、加工次数等对表面织构特征的影响，评测氟化后的不同微结构特征的织构化表面的润湿性。结果表明：圆柱表面织构特征显著受加工次数的影响，随加工次数的增加，圆柱表面经历“反复复制”掩模印制阵列凹凸微结构、阵列凹凸微结构叠错-细化、微纳米分级结构分级化等表面微织构化演化过程；用时仅需 249 s 制备的外径 49 cm、长 50 cm 的 SUS304 圆柱面(氟化后)微-纳米分级结构表面对水 / 甘油 / 十六烷的接触角分别为 160.4°、 158.5°、 153.6°、滚动角分别为 2.1°、5.6°、 8.6°；呈现优异的超双疏极端润湿性且机械耐久性好。旋带掩模电解织构技术在圆柱面工件制取机械耐久性极端润湿性功能表面方面呈现高效、低成本、便于实施等优势。 |
| 关键词: 旋带掩模电解 微凹凸结构 微纳米分级结构 极端润湿性表面 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007?9289.20220628001 |
| 分类号:TQ151;V261.5 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51875178)、中原科技创新领军人才计划(214200510018)、河南省重点科技攻关(202102210069)、河南省高校重点科研计划(21A460016)和中国博士后科学基金(2020M682289)资助项目 |
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| Fabrication and Wetting Analysis of Weaving Cylindrical Surface by Rotating Through-mask Electrochemical Texturing |
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SHEN Jiwen1, MING Pingmei1, XUE Baolong2, ZHANG Xinmin1, ZHANG Yunyan1, CHEN Yuetao3
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1.School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000 , China;2.China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, Beijing 100083 , China;3.Zhengzhou Research Institute for Abrasives & Grinding Co.Ltd, Zhenzhou 450000 , China
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| Abstract: |
| Although the efficient preparation of high-quality micro-scale surface structures on metal planes has been widely employed, it is still difficult to achieve the simple and high-efficiency preparation of extreme-wetting cylinder surfaces in the functional surface engineering industry. In this paper, a novel rotating through-mask electrochemical texturing(RT-ECT) is proposed. A commercially-available flexible strip comprising an electrically-insulated porous polymer with braided fabric and a neutral NaNO3 solution were used as the mask and electrolyte, respectively. Additionally, the cylindrical metal surface was textured based on the spiral strip printing method to promote the simple and efficient preparation of massive micro- / nano-structures on the cylindrical metal surfaces and obtain the extreme wettability functional surface. The processing schematic and evolution mechanism of the micro-texture morphology and geometric profile on the cylindrical surface were also analyzed. Subsequently, experimental studies were performed to determine the effect of the applied voltage, rotational speed, and processing times on the surface morphological characteristics, followed by an evaluation of the wettability of the fluorinated textured surface under different microstructure characteristics. The results showed that under the optimized applied voltage and rotational speed, the perforation and structural reinforcement characteristics of the active mask can be completely and evenly transferred to the cylindrical surface using only RT-ECT machining, so that the surface of the workpiece presents microstructure characteristics similar to a "weaving cloth", thereby achieving the texturization of the cylindrical surface. Additionally, the textured characteristics of the cylindrical surface were significantly affected by the processing times, and an increase in the processing times resulted in the repeated evolution of the surface microtexturing of the cylindrical surface. This consists of the processing, stacking, and refining of array concave-convex microstructures, and grading of micro- / nano-dual structures. The regular braid-like structures of the workpiece surface obtained after processing once gradually changed into a relatively flat micro- / nano-graded surface structure composed of a densely-arranged micro-dimple and micro-convex structure covered by a nanoscale honeycomb structure. It is noteworthy that the pits in these micro- / nano-graded surface structures exhibit typical overhanging structural features. These unique microstructure features are a good geometric foundation for obtaining functional surfaces with extreme wettability. The results also show that after processing five times, the contact angle of the cylindrical surface with water, glycerol, and cetane was reduced to less than 10°, exhibiting strong superhydrophilic / superoleophilic properties. The enhanced hydrophilic properties of the workpiece surface can be explained using the Wenzel theory, that is, the rough microstructure can make the hydrophilic surface become more hydrophilic. This change in the trend of the surface hydrophilic properties is closely related to the rough characteristics of the workpiece surface owing to an increase in the processing times and increase in the overhang / concave structure. After being fluorinated, the contact angles with water, glycerol, and hexadecane on the fluorinated surface were 160.4°, 158.5°, and 153.6°, respectively, and the rolling angles were 2.1°, 5.6°, and 8.6°, respectively, exhibiting strong superhydrophobic / superoleophobic properties. The enhanced hydrophobicity of the fluorinated workpiece surface can be explained using the Cassie-Baxter theory, that is, under the combined action of the microscopic roughness and low surface energy, the droplet does not come into contact with the bottom of the rough structure but is separated by the gas film inside the rough structure. This forms a compound contact between the droplet and microscopic rough structure, thereby achieving superhydrophobicity under a high contact angle and low rolling angle. Additionally, the fluorinated workpiece exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in a strong acid and strong alkali solution, and good mechanical durability in mechanical friction and wear tests. Thus, in addition to having good potential engineering application prospects, the rotating through-mask electrochemical texturing process provides several advantages when attempting to achieve the high-efficiency, low-cost, and convenient preparation of a functional cylindrical surface with extremely high wettability. |
| Key words: rotating through-mask electrochemical texturing micro concave-convex microstructures micro / nano-scale hierarchical structure extreme-wetting surface |
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