| 引用本文: | 王丽,王振玉,陈仁德,柯培玲,汪爱英.复合zigzag结构CrN涂层的设计制备及冲蚀性能*[J].中国表面工程,2023,36(3):65~73 |
| WANG Li,WANG Zhenyu,CHEN Rende,KE Peiling,WANG Aiying.Preparation and Erosion Performance of Composite CrN Coatings Through Zigzag Structural Design[J].China Surface Engineering,2023,36(3):65~73 |
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| 摘要: |
| 飞机在沙漠等恶劣环境中服役，空气中的固体颗粒在高速气流作用下对叶片表面产生高速冲击。为提高钛合金叶片的抗冲蚀性能，采用掠角磁控溅射技术制备复合 zigzag 结构 CrN 涂层(简称 CrN-zigzag)，并利用掠角 X 射线衍射仪(GIXRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、划痕测试系统(CSM Revetest)、白光干涉仪、纳米压痕仪、冲蚀设备等表征涂层的成分、组织结构、力学性能和冲蚀性能。研究结果表明，CrN-zigzag 涂层组织致密呈现柱状结构，厚度约为 3.7 μm，纳米硬度达到(19.2 ±2)GPa，具有良好的膜基结合强度(＞48 N)。相比于常规 CrN 涂层，CrN-zigzag 涂层在 90°冲蚀角度下的抗冲蚀性能提高了 57.67%。CrN 涂层表现为明显的脆性失效特征，CrN-zigzag 涂层表现为明显的脆性和韧性失效双特征，符合变形磨损理论和二次冲蚀理论。CrN-zigzag 涂层在砂砾冲蚀试验中表现出良好的抗冲蚀性能主要归因于其特有的 zigzag 晶界取向设计， 提高了材料的损伤容限。 |
| 关键词: 磁控溅射 Zigzag 结构 CrN 涂层 冲蚀性能 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007?9289.20220820001 |
| 分类号:TG156;TB114 |
| 基金项目:中科院创新团队(292020000008)和宁波市基金(2021J217，2022Z011)资助项目 |
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| Preparation and Erosion Performance of Composite CrN Coatings Through Zigzag Structural Design |
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WANG Li, WANG Zhenyu, CHEN Rende, KE Peiling, WANG Aiying
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Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technologyand Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 , China
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| Abstract: |
| With the rapid development of aircraft, titanium alloys have been widely adopted as promising lightweight materials to resist harsh marine conditions, in particular for compressor engine blades. However, due to their poor mechanical properties, titanium alloys are vulnerable to erosion damage when operating in a solid-particle sandy environment. CrN coatings are considered the most promising candidate to suppress erosion damage due to their combined mechanical properties and easily controlled structures during deposition. However, CrN coatings with a traditional columnar structure suffer from serious erosion damage under the harsh impact of solid particles. The issue of how to design and fabricate CrN coatings with the necessary comprehensive mechanical performance is of significant importance for the development of aircraft high-technology. In this study, CrN-zigzag coatings were fabricated by tilting magnetron sputtering technique, and, importantly, the middle layer exhibited a designed zigzag structure that could dissipate crack energy and deflect cracks induced by erosion. The morphology and crystallographic structure of the coatings was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The nano-indentation was employed to measure the mechanical properties of coatings, including hardness (H), elastic modulus (E), H / E, and H3 / E2 . The adhesion strength of the coatings to the substrates was determined by scratch tests. The erosion tests were performed at room temperature by a homemade test rig according to the ASTM G76-13 standard. The thickness of the CrN-zigzag coatings was 3.7 μm. The hardness of the normal CrN coatings was 22.4±3 GPa, while it decreased to 19.2±2 GPa for the CrN-zigzag coatings. Compared with the normal CrN coatings, the H / E ratio of CrN-zigzag coatings has increased by ~12.16%. However, the H3 / E2 ratio increases from 0.125 GPa up to 0.133 GPa, indicating that the resistance to plastic deformation of the CrN coatings could be significantly improved by introducing the tilted columnar microstructure within the coating. Scratch tests indicated that similar Lc3 values of 48 N were found for both coatings, whereas the quantities and widths of ring cracks of the CrN-zigzag coatings were smaller than the normal CrN coatings. Both the coatings exhibited a cubic CrN phase (PDF#65-2889) and a hexagonal Cr2N phase (PDF#35-0803). The X-ray diffractogram of the CrN-zigzag coatings contained five peaks, corresponding to the (111), (200), (220), (311), and (222) planes of cubic CrN, whereas the CrN coatings exhibited the cubic CrN phase with (200) orientation due to its lowest surface energy. The erosion rate of the CrN-zigzag coatings, benefiting from their superior mechanical properties, was lower than that of the CrN coatings under the same erosion conditions. In contrast to the normal CrN coating, the erosion resistance of CrN-zigzag coatings was enhanced by 57.67% at a 90° erosion angle. The results showed that the normal CrN coatings exhibited the predominant brittle failure characteristics. However, the failure of CrN-zigzag coatings is dominated by the brittle and ductile failure characteristics, which conform to deformation wear theory and secondary erosion theory. This could be attributed to the easy way to dissipate crack energy and deflect cracks on the tilted interface within the zigzag layer, resulting in absorbing and balancing the external impact stress from erosion. The results provide new insights into the relationship between the zigzag structure and the properties, as well as brings forward a strategy to fabricate the desired CrN-based coatings for erosion protection. |
| Key words: magnetron sputtering zigzag structure CrN coatings erosion resistance |
