| 摘要: |
| 采用乳化剂溶液在超声波作用下对金属铌表面进行去油去灰清洗，并用硝酸和氢氟酸混合酸液进行酸洗，通过扫描电镜(SEM)、光电子能谱(XPS)及腐蚀深度对清洗表面进行分析。结果表明：采用乳化剂溶液在超声波作用下清洗对去油去灰有很好效果，可以获得均一的酸洗初始腐蚀界面，其中乳化剂温度为40~50 ℃，超声波频率为20~25 kHz，采用混合酸液浓度为35%分析纯硝酸和10%分析纯氢氟酸的清洗工艺能达到较好的清洗效果和均一的表面状态。合理控制硝酸和氢氟酸浓度对于保证清洗质量和防止材料吸氢脆化很关键，通过腐蚀可以实现表面以Nb2O5状态存在转变为以单质铌存在，实现氧化物的溶解，改善表面结构；铌清洗后在环境放置稳定性强，不容易吸水、氧化和变质；清洗液特征可以通过游离氟离子、铌离子、酸度进行表征。 |
| 关键词: 铌 清洗 吸氢 表面状态 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2007AA03Z205); 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2008CB717903); 国家科技部ITER专项（2008GB101001）; 国际科技合作项目（2007DFD50700） |
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| Cleaning Technology of Niobium for Superconducting Materials |
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ZHOU An-lin, LI Jian-feng, LIU Jian-wei
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National Engineering Laboratory for Superconducting Materials, Western Superconducting Technologies Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710018
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| Abstract: |
| Cleaning process was studied by removing the oil with emulsifier solution under the effect of ultrasound and pickling surface with the mixed acid of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. Cleaning surface was analyzed by SEM, XPS and corrosion depth. The results show that using emulsifier solution under the effect of ultrasound has a good effect on the ash and oil cleaning, which can create a uniform interface for pickling. The temperature of emulsifier is 40-50 ℃ and frequency of ultrasonic is 20-25 kHz. Cleaing with the mixed acid of nitric acid of 35% and hydrofluoric acid of 10% can achieve good cleaning effect and surface state requirements. The surface chemical structure changes and Nb2O5 dissolves into Nb. Reasonable control of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid concentration can ensure the cleaning quality and prevent material from absorbing hydrogen. Good washing and drying processes are necessary to ensure the quality. Niobium has strong stability after cleaning. Cleaning fluid characteristics can be characterized by the free fluoride ion, niobium ion and acidity. |
| Key words: Niobium cleaning hydrogen adsorption surface state |
