| 引用本文: | 崔丽,邱慧,周小卉,朱邵超,郭鹏,陈仁德,汪爱英,西村一仁.聚醚醚酮表面W掺杂类金刚石薄膜结构及其摩擦性能[J].中国表面工程,2024,37(6):271~282 |
| CUI Li,QIU Hui,ZHOU Xiaohui,ZHU Shaochao,GUO Peng,CHEN Rende,WANG Aiying,KAZUHITO Nishimura.Structures and Tribological Performance of W-doped Diamond-like Carbon Films on Polyether Ether Ketone[J].China Surface Engineering,2024,37(6):271~282 |
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| 聚醚醚酮表面W掺杂类金刚石薄膜结构及其摩擦性能 |
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崔丽1，邱慧2，周小卉1，朱邵超1，郭鹏1，陈仁德1，汪爱英1，3，西村一仁1
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1.中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所海洋关键材料重点实验室 宁波 315201 ；2.宁波永新光学股份有限公司 宁波 315040 ；3.中国科学院大学材料与光电研究中心 北京 100049
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| 摘要: |
| 聚醚醚酮（PEEK）广泛应用于航空航天领域，因其本征粘弹性和低硬度，PEEK 极易发生磨损失效。为解决此难题， 一般采用表面沉积类金刚石（DLC）薄膜的方法。利用线性离子束复合直流磁控溅射技术，调控 Ar / C2H2气流比（68 / 12~ 62 / 18），在 PEEK 表面制备不同 W 元素掺杂含量的 DLC 薄膜。系统研究气流比对 PEEK / W-DLC 材料的组分结构、力学和摩擦性能的影响规律。结果表明，气流比降低使薄膜表面 C 粒子团簇尺寸增大和致密化。W 元素含量由 7.08at.%下降至 2.63at.%，且主要以 WC1?x 纳米晶簇分布在 C 基质中，ID / IG 值由 0.42 下降至 0.32。C 元素含量的增加使膜内生成更多的 C-C 键，部分 C=O 键转化为 C-O 键。PEEK / W-DLC 材料表面褶皱密度增大，界面处形成机械咬合结构。气流比 66 / 14 时，材料具有优异的力学和摩擦性能，磨损率低至 1.52×10?8 mm3 / (N·m）。这主要归功于碳膜的力学性能保护及磨斑处富 W 润滑转移膜的形成。通过分析材料表面凹坑结构的形成机理，发现摩擦过程中同时存在粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。研究结果将有助于指导设计开发高效耐磨的航空航天材料。 |
| 关键词: 聚醚醚酮(PEEK) 类金刚石薄膜 金属掺杂 微观结构 摩擦性能 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007-9289.20231228001 |
| 分类号:TH117 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（U20A20296，52127803）；宁波市重点研发计划（2023Z021）；宁波市高新区重大技术创新项目（2021CCX050003） |
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| Structures and Tribological Performance of W-doped Diamond-like Carbon Films on Polyether Ether Ketone |
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CUI Li1，QIU Hui2，ZHOU Xiaohui1，ZHU Shaochao1，GUO Peng1，CHEN Rende1，WANG Aiying1，3，KAZUHITO Nishimura1
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1.Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 , China ；2.Ningbo Yongxin Optics Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315040 , China ；3.Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049 , China
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| Abstract: |
| Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is widely used in aerospace applications because of its excellent physical and mechanical properties. However, given its intrinsic viscoelasticity and low hardness, PEEK is prone to wear failure. To address this problem, a carbon-based film deposition technology is typically applied. Among these films, diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have attracted considerable attention owing to their high hardness, good wear resistance, and chemical inertness. Using a linear ion beam combined with direct current magnetron sputtering technology, W-DLC films with different doping contents were prepared on PEEK by varying the Ar / C2H2 flow ratios from 68 / 12 to 62 / 18. The effects of the gas flow ratio on the composition, microstructure, and mechanical and friction properties of the PEEK / W-DLC composites were systematically examined. The SEM and HRTEM results showed that as the Ar / C2H2 flow ratio decreased, the deposition rate of the film gradually increased, the carbon clusters densified and their size increased. As the gas flow ratio decreased, the size of W clusters decreased, leading to a decline in the content of highly crystalline WC1-x. Moreover, when compared with pure PEEK, the surface wrinkle density of the PEEK / W-DLC composites increased and mechanical interlock structures were formed at the interface. The X-cut test showed that as the gas flow ratio decreased, the interfacial adhesion weakened, and the peeling of the films tended to become obvious. The XPS data showed that the W content decreased from 7.08at.% to 2.63at.%. The increase in C content resulted in the formation of more C-C bonds, and some of C=O bonds preferentially transformed into C-O bonds. With a decrease in the gas flow ratio, the W0 content decreased, whereas the W5+ / W6+ content increased slightly. This indicated that the W element in the film tended to exist in the form of W carbides. Raman analysis showed that ID / IG decreased from 0.42 to 0.32, the sp2 content and cluster size decreased accordingly. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of G peak increased from 62.67 cm?1 to 71.26 cm?1 , indicating that the incorporation of W atoms could aid in reducing the structural disorder in films. As the gas flow ratio decreased, the hardness (H) and elastic modulus (E) of the PEEK / W-DLC composites reached to 5.25 and 30.23 GPa, respectively. Compared to pure PEEK, the values of H and E both increased by an order of magnitude. When the gas flow ratio was 66 / 14, the H / E and H3 / E2 of the composite corresponded to 0.2 and 0.17, respectively, which were approximately two orders of magnitude higher than those of pure PEEK. This implied that the composite had strong fracture toughness and good elastic-plastic deformation resistance. Compared with other samples, the W-DLC films prepared with 66 / 14 flow ratio exhibited better tribological properties with a low wear rate of 1.52×10?8 mm3 / (N·m). This was mainly owing to the mechanical protection of the carbon films (improving wear resistance) and W-rich lubrication transfer film formed at the wear scars (reducing friction factor). By analyzing the formation mechanism of the pits on the PEEK / W-DLC composites, it was determined that owing to the viscoelasticity of PEEK and the generation of wear debris of W-DLC films, both adhesive wear and abrasive wear occurred during the friction process. The pits that formed on the wear tracks mainly existed in the following three forms: the first type of pit was mainly composed of C elements, while the distributions of O, Fe, and W elements were hardly observed. This indicated that during the friction process, the wear debris of W-DLC films formed C-rich clusters. These C-rich clusters were embedded in the low-hardness PEEK substrate by frictional compressive stress. The second type of pit was mainly composed of C and O elements, whereas W and Fe elements were rarely distributed. These pits were caused by the peeling of W-DLC films, which led to the exposure of PEEK substrate. The third type of pit was mainly composed of C, O, and Fe elements, while the presence of W element was relatively rare, and Fe element was concentrated on the convex part of the pits. The convex part was formed by the accumulation of wear debris in the pits. This showed that the first type of pit further caused abrasive wear on the grinding ball due to the convex part. This research not only reveals the structural evolution and wear failure mechanism of carbon-based films on PEEK, but also guides the design of high-efficiency wear-resistant aerospace materials. |
| Key words: polyether ether ketone (PEEK) diamond-like carbon film metal doping microstructure friction property |
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