| 引用本文: | 张宝龙,吴廷洋,唐福康,丁俊杰,茅东升.深海航行器耐压舱及其材料表界面的研究进展与发展趋势[J].中国表面工程,2024,37(6):146~163 |
| ZHANG Baolong,WU Tingyang,TANG Fukang,DING Junjie,MAO Dongsheng.Research Progress and Development Trend of Pressure-resistant Cabins and Their Material Surface Interfaces for Deep-sea Vehicles[J].China Surface Engineering,2024,37(6):146~163 |
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| 摘要: |
| 使用深海航行器是人类探索深海的主要手段之一，经过几个世纪的研发和应用，当前其最大潜深可达 11 000 m。耐压舱作为深海航行器中最为核心的结构部件，为深海航行器提供了浮力和载人载物空间，并且在深海中面临着复杂的物理和化学环境，因此对材料表面有极高的要求。介绍了金属与非金属材料在深海航行器耐压舱中的应用，综述了高强钢、钛合金和树脂基复合材料在深海中的表界面处理进展，总结归纳了金属材料在深海中的防腐和蠕变问题、纤维增强树脂基复合材料的内部界面处理问题和吸湿问题。总结了耐压舱的外形设计与结构优化方法，为深海航行器耐压舱的材料表界面性能的机理及表征提供了参考依据，以弥补目前在深海航行器耐压舱材料表界面领域缺乏这类综述文章的不足。 |
| 关键词: 深海航行器耐压舱 涂层 防腐 树脂基复合材料 结构优化 表界面 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007-9289.20240102003 |
| 分类号:TG146；TQ342；P734 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Research Progress and Development Trend of Pressure-resistant Cabins and Their Material Surface Interfaces for Deep-sea Vehicles |
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ZHANG Baolong1，2，WU Tingyang1，TANG Fukang1，3，DING Junjie1，3，MAO Dongsheng1
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1.Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 , China ；2.College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100 , China ；3.School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211 , China
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| Abstract: |
| The total area of the oceans on Earth is approximately 360 million km2 , accounting for approximately 71% of the total surface area of the earth. The rich mineral, biological, seawater chemistry, and power resources of oceans are key to supporting the future sustainable development of humankind. Accelerating the development and utilization of marine resources is of great strategic significance to the development prospects of various countries. Deep-sea vehicles are among the primary means of human exploration in the deep sea, and their maximum depth can reach 11 000 m. After the end of World War II, the Swiss Piccard accepted funding from the Belgian National Research Foundation to design and build an “underwater balloon” type deep submarine. Then, in 1953, Piccard and his son drove their own design and construction of the Trieste submarine to dive 1 088 m. The submarine uses a pontoon full of gasoline and a steel manned ball hull. After the U.S. military purchased the Piccard submarine, the submarine reached a depth of 10 913 m in the Mariana Trench in 1960, and humans began using steel materials in deep-sea exploration applications. As the core structural component of deep-sea vehicles, the ballast tank provides buoyancy and manned space for deep-sea vehicles as well as a dry and closed installation space for electronic instrument units to ensure the safe operation of deep-sea vehicles. Thus, ballast tanks play significant roles in the normal services of deep-sea vehicles, which face complex physical and chemical environments in the deep sea. Therefore, the associated material surfaces have strict requirements. Ballast tanks in the deep sea face extremely harsh working environments and are therefore subject to special anticorrosion requirements. Moreover, the requirements for surface treatment are more refined and stringent. To ensure that the deep-sea vehicle has greater buoyancy, load volume, and load weight while reducing its own weight and improving its bulk density ratio, the ballast tank has lightweight and high-strength requirements for its design material. Hence, future research needs to focus on the method and influence of the surface treatment of metal materials in the deep sea and gradually apply new materials with excellent performance, such as ceramic materials, glass materials, and composite materials, in ballast tank design. Moreover, a systematic evaluation system for the stability and safety of new materials must be established. Although the cost of deep-sea research is high, with its rapid development, an increasing number of deep-sea projects will be commercialized and civilianized. Furthermore, the prospects for deep-sea research are broad. This paper first introduces the application of metal and nonmetal materials in deep-sea vehicle ballast tanks and then reviews the progress of the surface interface treatments of high-strength steel, titanium alloys, and resin matrix composite materials in the deep sea. Then, the problems of corrosion protection and creep of metallic materials in the deep sea, internal interface treatment, and hygroscopicity of fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites are summarized. Finally, the shape design and structural optimization methods of ballast tanks are summarized to provide a reference for the mechanism and characterization of the material table interface properties of deep-sea vehicle ballast tanks, thus compensating for the lack of review articles in the field of deep-sea vehicle ballast table interfaces. In this paper, the research progress of deep-sea vehicle ballast tanks is reviewed from the perspectives of material application, surface interface treatment, and structural design optimization. The research difficulties and technical bottlenecks, including surface interface treatment strategies, the improvement of material mechanical properties, the reasonable adaptation of the bulk density ratio, and structural parameter optimization are discussed. The optimization technology and development trends are analyzed and summarized. |
| Key words: deep-sea vehicle ballast-resistant chamber coating antisepsis resin matrix composites structural optimization table interface |
