| 引用本文: | 王英杰,曹培占,赵伟伟,卢光明,代金月,刘小青.环保型海洋防污涂料研究进展[J].中国表面工程,2024,37(6):100~118 |
| WANG Yingjie,CAO Peizhan,HAO Weiwei,LU Guangming,DAI Jinyue,LIU Xiaoqing.Research Progress of Environmental Marine Antifouling Coatings[J].China Surface Engineering,2024,37(6):100~118 |
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| 摘要: |
| 海洋生物污损是指附着在各类设备表面的海洋生物，严重损害了包括航运、海产养殖等产业的经营。涂装海洋防污涂料能够高效地减少海洋生物污损在涉海装备上的附着，但传统型海洋防污涂料是通过释放重金属有毒物质实现对海洋生物污损的抑制，不可避免地危害海洋生态环境。为保护海洋生态环境、减少对重金属有毒物质的依赖，开发环保型防污涂料具有重要意义。概述了近年来环保型防污涂料的研究进展，系统地介绍了防污剂释放涂层、污损阻抗型防污涂层、污损脱附型防污涂层、两亲性聚合物以及生物降解高分子材料的防污涂层的技术进展和应用。重点从防污机理的角度对各种环保型防污涂料进行系统的阐述，总结出各种防污涂料的设计理念和发展现状，并强调环保防污涂层具有协同防污机制的显著优势。对近年来的环保型防污涂料的技术发展进行全面的罗列和总结，为海洋防污涂料的高效化、无毒化以及可降解化的发展指明了方向。 |
| 关键词: 防污涂料 污损脱附型涂料 污损阻抗型涂料 生物降解聚合物 两性离子聚合物 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007-9289.20240101001 |
| 分类号:TQ637 |
| 基金项目:宁波市重大科技任务攻关项目（2022Z111） |
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| Research Progress of Environmental Marine Antifouling Coatings |
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WANG Yingjie1，2，CAO Peizhan1，2，HAO Weiwei1，LU Guangming1，DAI Jinyue1，LIU Xiaoqing1
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1.Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of MaterialsTechnology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315211 , China ；2.College of Materials Science and Opto-electronic Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 , China
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| Abstract: |
| Marine biofouling is an important phenomenon characterized by the deposition and proliferation of proteins, bacteria, algae, and other organisms on the surfaces of underwater equipment. This process adversely affects marine ecosystems and poses a serious threat to industries, such as shipping and mariculture, leading to significant economic losses and increased maintenance costs. Conventional antifouling technologies rely primarily on antifouling paints that inhibit biofouling by releasing heavy metals and other toxic substances. However, this approach can adversely affect the marine environment, leading to water pollution and health crises for marine organisms. Therefore, the development of environmentally friendly antifouling coatings is essential for the protection of marine ecosystems and the reduction of their dependence on hazardous substances. In recent years, environmentally friendly antifouling coatings have been extensively studied, and a large body of literature has been published. These studies provided new insights into the mechanisms of marine biofouling and laid the foundation for the development of new environmentally friendly antifouling materials. Reviewing and summarizing the research progress in this field is crucial to clarifying the current status of the field and future directions for development. This study focuses on various types of environmentally friendly antifouling coatings and systematically discusses and summarizes the technological advances and practical applications of different approaches, such as antifouling agent release coatings, antifouling impedance coatings, antifouling release coatings, amphiphilic polymers, and biodegradable polymeric materials. Antifouling agents release coatings by slowly releasing biocides or antifouling agents via the self-polishing of the coating and inhibit the attachment of marine organisms by killing various marine organisms via the release of antifouling agents. This method is effective and sustainable; however, the ecological safety of the released substances must be considered. In contrast, antifouling coatings reduce the likelihood of bioattachment by modifying the surface properties, typically by enhancing the hydrophobicity of the surface or reducing the roughness of the surface to discourage bioattachment. Antifouling desorption and fouling impedance coatings are innovative approaches that hinder biofouling through the surface physical properties of the coating. Fouling release coatings rely on their dynamic properties to allow for the easy separation of biofouling from the coating via the shear of seawater, which thereby reduces maintenance costs. Fouling-resistant coatings prevent fouling adhesion by introducing hydrophilic units and forming hydrated layers. In addition, amphoteric polymers are suitable for a variety of marine applications because of their unique structural properties that allow them to form stable films in underwater environments, effectively prevent biofouling, and confer biocompatibility. Biodegradable polymer materials have led to significant advancements in the development of environmentally friendly anti-fouling coatings. These materials not only effectively prevent biofouling but also degrade naturally after use, thus minimizing long-term environmental impacts. This paper summarizes the design concepts and current status of the development of different coatings as well as highlights future directions for improvement by systematically discussing the antifouling mechanisms, application prospects, advancements, and limitations of various environmentally friendly coatings. This study highlights the benefits of synergistic mechanisms for improving the overall performance of antifouling coatings. More effective results could be achieved by combining different antifouling technologies. For example, coatings that combine antifouling agent release with antifouling impedance can effectively inhibit bioattachment while mitigating environmental impacts. This synergistic approach not only improves the performance of the coating but also stimulates new research directions. Recent technological advances in environmentally friendly antifouling coatings have provided an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the development of highly efficient, nontoxic, and biodegradable marine coatings. Through a comprehensive summary of existing research, this paper outlines the direction of future research and emphasizes the importance of promoting the sustainable development of the marine industry while protecting the marine ecosystem. Current research should focus on the innovation and application of eco-friendly antifouling coatings to achieve a broad, win-win situation in terms of both ecological protection and economic benefits. Such endeavors would enhance the competitiveness of the marine industry and contribute to the sustainable development of the global marine ecosystem. |
| Key words: antifoulant fouling release coating fouling resishtant coating biodegradable polymer zwitterionic polymer |
