| 引用本文: | 韩月,黎姗,张畅,陈涛,肖鹏.超浸润光热材料在太阳能海水淡化中的应用进展∗[J].中国表面工程,2024,37(6):79~99 |
| HAN Yue,LI Shan,ZHANG Chang,CHEN Tao,XIAO Peng.Application Progress of Superwetting Photothermal Materials in Solar Desalination[J].China Surface Engineering,2024,37(6):79~99 |
|
| 摘要: |
| 随着世界人口的快速增长和水污染的加剧，淡水资源短缺的问题日益严重。太阳能海水淡化技术因其环保、高效和可再生等优点被视为解决全球淡水危机的理想方案。光热转换作为一种直接且高效的策略，可以通过引入具有特殊表面设计的吸光材料将入射的太阳光转化为可观的热能，以实现进一步的能源利用。然而，传统的光热转换材料难以抵御海水中高浓度盐的聚集以及污染物的侵蚀，导致低的光热转换效率和水蒸发效率，难以满足材料科学发展的需求。因此，开发可持续发展、 长效抗盐的光热材料迫在眉睫。目前，通过构筑超浸润光热转换材料表面是解决高效持续水蒸发的关键。作为一类具有超亲水或超疏水的极端浸润性表面，超浸润光热表面不仅可以提供高效的供水和离子扩散通道以阻止盐的聚集，实现快速输水； 而且可以防止盐离子渗透到光热材料中，从而减少热量损失，提高蒸发效率，为实现更加高效、长期和稳定的海水淡化工程提供了可能。介绍了光热转换材料的机理以及种类，讨论了超浸润光热表面的设计思路和制备方法，总结了超浸润材料的水蒸发机制，重点综述了超浸润性驱动的太阳能海水淡化的最新研究进展，展望了超浸润光热材料所面临的挑战和研究前景， 可为未来超浸润光热材料的设计提供思路。 |
| 关键词: 光热转换材料 超浸润表面 界面蒸发 海水淡化 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007-9289.20231230006 |
| 分类号:TK515 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（52373094, 52073295）；中国科学院青年创新促进会会员（2023313）；宁波市科技局项目（2021Z127） |
|
| Application Progress of Superwetting Photothermal Materials in Solar Desalination |
|
HAN Yue1，2，LI Shan1，2，ZHANG Chang3，CHEN Tao1，XIAO Peng1
|
|
1.Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 , China ；2.School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 , China ；3.School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100 , China
|
| Abstract: |
| Owing to the rapid growth of the world’s population and the aggravation of water pollution, the shortage of fresh water resources is becoming increasingly severe. Solar desalination is regarded as an ideal solution to the global freshwater crisis because of its environmental protection, high efficiency, and renewability. Photothermal conversion is a direct and efficient strategy that enables further energy utilization by introducing light-absorbing materials with specific surface designs to convert incident sunlight into appreciable heat energy. However, conventional photothermal-conversion materials cannot adequately resist the high concentrations of salt in seawater and the erosion of pollutants, thus resulting in low photothermal-conversion and water-evaporation efficiencies. Therefore, sustainable and long-term salt-resistant photothermal materials must be developed urgently to satisfy the demands of materials science. Currently, constructing the surface of superwetting photothermal-conversion materials is key to achieving efficient and sustainable water evaporation. Superwetting photothermal materials, which exhibit extensive solar-energy absorption and effective photothermal-conversion characteristics, are prepared using a photothermal material and superwetting surface. The superwetting surface exhibits excellent superhydrophilic / superhydrophobic properties because of its unique surface structural design. Owing to the development of advanced technologies and complex practical requirements, superwetting photothermal materials have become extremely promising for developing forward-looking and interesting applications. As a class of extremely wetting surfaces with superhydrophilic or superhydrophobic properties, superwetting photothermal surfaces can provide efficient water supply and ion-diffusion channels to prevent salt accumulation as well as realize rapid water transport. Moreover, salt ions can be prevented from penetrating photothermal materials, thereby reducing heat loss and improving evaporation efficiency. Thus, superwetting photothermal materials offer the possibility of achieving more efficient, long-term, and stable seawater desalination. Herein, the composition of superwetting photothermal materials, their mechanisms, and types of photothermal-conversion materials are discussed. The design idea and preparation method for a superwetting photothermal surface are summarized. Chemical composition and surface roughness are the two main factors that affect surface wettability. Additionally, two main methods are used to achieve superhydrophilic surfaces on photothermal materials. The first method is to coat a solid surface with a hydrophilic inorganic mediator or nanoparticle and use a hydrophilic polymer as the superhydrophilic surface of the coating material. Second, the surface of the hydrophilic polymer is roughened, or hydrophilic groups are coupled to the surface of the rough polymer to render the polymer superhydrophilic. Meanwhile, two main strategies are available for achieving superhydrophobic surfaces on photothermal materials. One is to construct a multilevel micro / nano structure on the surface to achieve hydrophobic materials with a rough surface. Another method involves modifying a rough surface with low-surface-energy materials. The water-evaporation mechanism in superwetting materials are discussed. A superhydrophilic surface can achieve a continuous and stable water supply, promote the diffusion of salt ions, and prevent the salt concentration in seawater from reaching a hypersaturated state. A superhydrophobic surface with a self-cleaning function can not only inhibit salt crystallization but can also be used as a self-floating carrier and insulation material to prevent heat diffusion to the bottom and reduce heat loss, thus achieving long-term stable interface evaporation. Furthermore, the latest research progress in solar seawater desalination driven by superwetting is reviewed, and the current challenges and prospects of superwetting photothermal materials are discussed. To improve photothermal-conversion performance and stability, designing water supply and evaporation paths to achieve balance between water transfer and efficiency is key to achieving a solar desalination system with excellent desalting performance. We hope that this paper will inspire new ideas and efforts as well as encourage investigations into superwetting photothermal materials. |
| Key words: photothermal conversion materials superwetting surface interfacial evaporation seawater desalination |
