引用本文: | 李微,孙涛,柏国伟,张弛鹏,李聪,彭卓寅.钢在高温CO2环境中氧化渗碳腐蚀机理及其涂层防护研究进展[J].中国表面工程,2024,37(2):72~90 |
| LI Wei,SUN Tao,BO Guowei,ZHANG Chipeng,LI Cong,PENG Zhuoyin.Research Progress on the Mechanism of Oxidative Carburization Corrosion and Coating Protection of Steels Served at High-temperature CO2 Environment[J].China Surface Engineering,2024,37(2):72~90 |
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钢在高温CO2环境中氧化渗碳腐蚀机理及其涂层防护研究进展 |
李微, 孙涛, 柏国伟, 张弛鹏, 李聪, 彭卓寅
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长沙理工大学能源与动力工程学院 长沙 410114
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摘要: |
钢材由于具有高强度和耐热性等优异性能而广泛应用于各种零构件,在服役过程中通常面临较为严重的腐蚀问题。CO2 腐蚀是钢材应用领域中较为常见的一种腐蚀失效方式。通常,CO2 对钢的腐蚀行为表现为其溶于水后产生的碳酸腐蚀,但在高温环境中,CO2 可直接使钢表面氧化,同时伴随渗碳现象发生,钢的力学性能与耐腐蚀性能均会因此大幅下降。然而,目前关于钢在高温 CO2 环境中的腐蚀行为研究缺乏相关系统总结。综述有关高温 CO2环境下钢的腐蚀机理,总结高温 CO2环境中温度、压力以及环境中存在的其他杂质气体对腐蚀方式及机理的影响规律,归纳已有的高温 CO2氧化与渗碳腐蚀模型的发展状况,概述目前关于抗高温 CO2 腐蚀的钢材涂层类型及其防护效果。研究表明,由于含 Cr 钢在高温 CO2环境中形成的 Cr2O3 层相较于 Fe 氧化物层更加致密,Cr 元素的存在通常有利于钢的耐腐蚀性能。而环境中,温度与压力的升高以及杂质气体的存在往往会加重钢的 CO2 腐蚀,但这些因素的影响规律会随着钢的种类及服役环境的变化而变化。目前关于钢的 CO2腐蚀模型主要为单一的高温氧化模型或者渗碳模型,可预测氧化物层厚度或渗碳深度,但无法准确预测同时发生氧化和渗碳行为的钢的腐蚀寿命。综述相关研究现状不仅能指出现有研究的不足及未来研究的展开方向,还可为高温环境中钢材抗 CO2腐蚀防护措施的选择及其长周期安全服务寿命评价提供全面理论依据。 |
关键词: CO2腐蚀 腐蚀机理 影响因素 预测模型 涂层防护 |
DOI:10.11933/j.issn.1007-9289.20230831004 |
分类号:TG156;TB114 |
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(52075048, 12232004);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(21B0304);湖南省自然科学基金(2023JJ30025);湖南省科协托举人才项目(2022TJ-Q02, 2023TJ-X96);湖南省科技创新领军人才项目(2023RC1058) |
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Research Progress on the Mechanism of Oxidative Carburization Corrosion and Coating Protection of Steels Served at High-temperature CO2 Environment |
LI Wei, SUN Tao, BO Guowei, ZHANG Chipeng, LI Cong, PENG Zhuoyin
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College of Energy and Power Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114 , China
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Abstract: |
Steel is widely used as various structural components owing to its excellent properties, such as high strength and heat resistance; however, it usually faces severe corrosion problems during service. CO2 corrosion is a common cause of corrosion failure in steel applications. However, a systematic summary of the corrosion behavior of steel in high-temperature CO2 environments is lacking. Therefore, in this study, the current oxidation and carburization mechanisms of steel in high-temperature CO2 environments are summarized, and the effects of temperature, pressure, and other gas impurities in the service environment on the corrosion mode and mechanisms are reviewed. Typically, the CO2 corrosion behavior of steel manifests as carbonation corrosion generated after it is dissolved in water. However, in high-temperature environments, CO2 can directly oxidize the steel surface, which is generally accompanied by carburization, significantly decreasing the mechanical and corrosion resistance of steel. In this case, the composition and structure of the oxide layer are strongly affected by the Cr content in the steel; thus, the corrosion resistance of steel is generally determined by the Cr content. Naturally, Cr2O3 oxide layers are formed in steels with a Cr content higher than 12 wt.% during oxidation, resulting in better resistance to oxidation and carburizing. Increased temperature and pressure can generally aggravate the CO2 corrosion of steel. Therefore, an increased temperature can increase the thickness of the Cr2O3 layer, and the increased pressure mainly affects the carburizing behavior of steels. However, the influence of gas impurities, such as O2, H2O, and SO2, on the CO2 corrosion of steel changes with the type of steel and the service environment. Meanwhile, the development of existing CO2 corrosion models, types of coatings resistant to CO2 corrosion, and their protective effects are discussed. Most models were developed based on experimental results in which the oxidation or carburizing kinetics showed a parabolic trend. Although these models can predict the thickness of the oxide layer and the depth of carburizing, they fail to accurately predict the corrosion life of steel subjected to simultaneous oxidation and carburizing. In addition, CO2 in a flowing state under actual working conditions accelerates the corrosion rate of the steel and causes the oxidation layer to fall off. Therefore, developing models that simultaneously cover the interaction of oxidation and carburizing or consider the erosion caused by the CO2 flow, especially the CO2 flow containing oxide particles, is necessary in the future. To improve the service life of steel in high-temperature CO2 environments, Al, Cr, and other coatings are often prepared to improve the oxidation and carburizing resistance of steel. However, the mechanical properties of coated steels and coatings in a corrosive environment also significantly impact their corrosion behavior, and further study is required. In addition, Ni-based coatings often exhibit better corrosion resistance than other coatings. Therefore, Ni-based alloys are generally used as the main component of steel coatings. However, the high cost of Ni-based coatings limits their widespread applications. For this purpose, the introduction of nanoparticles and effective control of the coating composition and structure based on simulation calculations to improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of coatings hold great promise in coating composition selection. Moreover, improving the adhesion strength and interface stability between the coating and the steel matrix is important to ensure the protective effect of the coatings. This requires the exploration of preparation techniques to improve the uniformity and density of the coating effectively. In such case, this study can not only point out the shortcomings of existing studies and the development direction of future studies, but also provide a comprehensive theoretical basis for the selection of anti-CO2 corrosion protection techniques in high temperature environment and the evaluation of long-term safety service life for steel. |
Key words: CO2 corrosion corrosion mechanism influence factor prediction model coating protection |
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