| 引用本文: | 孙繁新,史彦斌,蒲吉斌,穆晓彪,孙伟.苛刻空间环境下固体润滑涂层在谐波齿轮减速器表面的服役性能评价*[J].中国表面工程,2023,36(5):76~87 |
| SHUN Fanxin,SHI Yanbin,PU Jibin,MU Xiaobiao,SUN Wei.Service Performance Evaluation of Solid-lubrication Coating on Harmonic Gear Reducer Surface in Harsh Space Environment[J].China Surface Engineering,2023,36(5):76~87 |
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| 苛刻空间环境下固体润滑涂层在谐波齿轮减速器表面的服役性能评价* |
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孙繁新1, 史彦斌2, 蒲吉斌2, 穆晓彪3, 孙伟4
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1.北京空间飞行器总体设计部 北京 100094;2.中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 宁波 315201;3.北京中技克美谐波传动股份有限公司 北京 101300;4.国防科工局军工项目审核中心 北京 100039
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| 摘要: |
| 随着航天技术和深空探测的发展，传统的脂润滑材料已难以满足谐波减速器在真空宽温区的润滑需求，固体润滑涂层是一种非常理想的空间润滑方式，具有较宽的温度使用范围，且润滑性能受工况的影响也较小，广泛应用于空间运动机构。 目前固体润滑谐波减速器在苛刻空间环境下的使役性能（传动精度和传动效率）还鲜有报道，通过物理气相沉积技术分别在 XBS-40-100 型和 XBS-60-120 型谐波减速器制备 MOSTP&MOSTP 和 DLC&MOSTP 两种固体润滑涂层，并对润滑前后的谐波齿轮减速器的传动精度、传动效率及真空高、低温适应性进行对比研究。研究结果表明：谐波减速器的传动误差不仅没受到润滑涂层的影响，其传动精度还远优于脂润滑的同型号谐波减速器；固体润滑谐波减速器具有优异的温度适应性， XBS-40-100 型和 XBS-60-120 型谐波减速器在-90 ℃~100 ℃温度范围内，传动效率分别为 69.4%~82.8% 和 66.2%~86.7%， 远高于全氟聚醚（-90 ℃，效率在 30%左右）和多烷基化环戊烷（-90 ℃，效率基本在 15%左右）润滑的同型号谐波减速。 系统研究了固体润滑谐波减速器的使役性能和温度适应性，可为空间谐波减速器润滑材料的选取提供试验依据。 |
| 关键词: 谐波减速器 MoS2基固体润滑涂层 DLC 固体润滑涂层 温度适应性 传动效率 |
| DOI：10.11933/j.issn.1007?9289.20221118001 |
| 分类号:TG156；TB114 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划资助项目（SQ2022YFB3400149） |
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| Service Performance Evaluation of Solid-lubrication Coating on Harmonic Gear Reducer Surface in Harsh Space Environment |
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SHUN Fanxin1, SHI Yanbin2, PU Jibin2, MU Xiaobiao3, SUN Wei4
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1.Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering, Beijing 100094 , China;2.Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 , China;3.Beijing CTKM Harmonic Drive Co., Ltd., Beijing 101300 , China;4.Military Industry Program Evaluation Center, State Administration of Science, Technologyand Industry for National Defense, Beijing 100039 , China
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| Abstract: |
| A harmonic gear reducer has the advantages of a large transmission ratio range, high transmission efficiency, high motion accuracy, and small size, with wide use in spacecraft drive mechanisms, space docking mechanisms, and high-precision mechanism components. However, tooth profile interference caused by elastic deformation in the meshing process causes considerable wear between the teeth, reducing the transmission efficiency and accuracy and producing vibration, which greatly reduces the reliability of the driving mechanism. Thus, the choice of lubricating material is vital for the performance of a harmonic reducer. With development of space technology and deep space exploration, traditional grease lubrication materials have been unable to meet the requirements for harmonic reducer lubrication in a vacuum-wide temperature zone. Solid-lubrication coating is an ideal space lubrication method, with a wide temperature range and lubrication performance less affected by working conditions; it is widely used in space motion mechanisms. However, the service performance (transmission accuracy and transmission efficiency) of solid-lubricated harmonic reducers has rarely been reported, especially in extremely low-temperature, high-vacuum environments, with large temperature changes, or in other extreme space environments. Fundamental studies of structure and tribological properties of MoS2-based coatings (MoS2 / Zn, TiN+MoS2 / Zn, and MOSTP solid-lubrication coatings) were conducted in high-vacuum environments at different temperatures. The influences of substrate material, surface roughness, storage environment, sliding speed, and load on the tribological properties of solid-lubrication coatings were systematically investigated. The results show that temperature has no effect on the coating structure, but has an obvious effect on the friction coefficient and wear. The MoS2 / Zn superlattice coating maintained a friction coefficient less than 0.01 at ?100 ℃. Preparation of a hard TiN bearing layer can effectively reduce the wear of a solid-lubrication coating. However, the friction coefficient of MoS2 / Zn superlattice coating rapidly increased to 0.04 when the temperature increased to 100 ℃. The MOSTP solid-lubrication coating demonstrated good environmental adaptability. The coating structure and friction coefficient hardly changed after storage at cryogenic temperature (?100 ℃) or alternating between cryogenic temperature and 100 ℃. Although the friction coefficient of MoS2 / Zn coating was still less than 0.01 at ?100 ℃ after storage, it increased from 0.04 to 0.05 at 100 ℃. The experimental results also show that a higher substrate surface roughness is beneficial in further reducing the friction coefficient, and that a greater sliding speed increases the friction coefficient. Two solid-lubrication coating strategies, MOSTP&MOSTP and LC&MOSTP, were used with XBS-40-100 and XBS-60-120 harmonic gear reducer, respectively, through physical vapor deposition technology. The transmission accuracy, transmission efficiency, adaptability to extremely low-temperature, high-vacuum environments, and large temperature changes of the harmonic gear reducer were compared before and after lubrication. The results show that the transmission error of the harmonic reducer is not affected by the solid-lubrication coating, and transmission accuracy is much better than that of common grease-lubricated harmonic reducers of the same type. Moreover, a solid-lubrication harmonic reducer has excellent temperature adaptability. For XBS-40-100 and XBS-60-120 harmonic reducer, the transmission efficiency was 69.4%–82.8% and 66.2%–86.7%, respectively, from ?90 ℃–100 ℃, much higher than for perfluorinated polyether (at ?90 ℃, the efficiency is approximately 30%) and polyalkylated cyclopentane (at ?90 ℃, the efficiency is approximately 15%) lubrication with the same type of harmonic deceleration. The service performance and temperature adaptability results for solid-lubricated harmonic reducers provide a test basis for selection of harmonic reducer lubrication materials in harsh working conditions. |
| Key words: harmonic reducer MoS2-based coating DLC coating temperature adaptability transmission efficiency |
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