en
×

分享给微信好友或者朋友圈

使用微信“扫一扫”功能。
作者简介:

黄松强,1989年出生,男,硕士研究生,工程师。主要研究方向为高压直流运维/电网设备腐蚀控制技术。E-mail:huangsongqiang@ehv.csg.cn;

刘奕(通信作者),1985年出生,女,博士,副研究员。主要研究方向为非晶涂层的热喷涂制备及电力材料防腐蚀应用。E-mail:liuyi@nimte.ac.cn

中图分类号:TG147

文献标识码:A

DOI:10.11933/j.issn.1007-9289.20210531002

参考文献 1
缪金,杨立恒.电力设备金属腐蚀典型案例分析[J].焊接技术,2019,48(S1):87-91.MIAO Jin,YANG Liheng.Typical case analysis of metal corrosion of power equipment[J].Welding Technology,2019,48(S1):87-91.(in Chinese)
参考文献 2
蒋莉.不锈钢表面导电聚合物涂层的制备及防腐蚀机理研究 [D].南京:南京大学,2019.JIANG Li.Study on preparation and anti corrosion mechanisms of conductive polymer coatings for stainless steel [ D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2019.(in Chinese)
参考文献 3
王雨顺,丁毅,马立群.铝及铝合金阳极氧化膜的封孔工艺研究进展[J].表面技术,2010,39(4):87-90,109.WANG Yushun,DING Yi,MA Liqun.Development of sealing technology of anodized aluminum and aluminum alloys [J].Surface Coating,2010,39(4):87-90,109.(in Chinese)
参考文献 4
张明霞,镍基合金镀层的制备及其耐磨耐腐性能研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2018.ZHANG Mingxia.Preparation and wear,corrosion resistance of Ni-based alloy coatings[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2018.(in Chinese)
参考文献 5
XU H F,XIAO J K,ZHANG G,et al.Progress of thermal sprayed NiCrBSi based wear-resistant coatings [J].Surface Technology,2016,45(2):109-117.
参考文献 6
NAKA M,HASHIMOTO K,MASUMOTO T,et al.Corroison resistivity of amorphous iron alloys containing chromium [J].Centro De Matemática Da Universidade De Coimbra,1974,26(9):93-94.
参考文献 7
NAKA M,HASHIMOTO K,MASUMOTO T,et al.Effect of heat treatment on corrosion behaviro of amorphous Fe-Cr-P-C and Fe-Ni-Cr-P-B alloys in 1N Hcl[J].Corrosion,1980,36(12):679-686.
参考文献 8
聂贵茂,黄诚,李波,等.铁基非晶合金涂层制备及应用现状[J].表面技术,2017,46(11):6-14.NIE Guimao,HUANG Cheng,LI Bo,et al.Fabrication and application status of Fe-based amorphous alloy coatings [J].Surface Technology,2017,46(11):6-14.(in Chinese)
参考文献 9
KISHITAKE K,ERA H,OTSUBO F.Thermal-sprayed Fe10CM3P7C amorphous coatings possessing excellent corrosion resistance[J].Journal of Thermal Spray Technology,1996,5(4):476-482.
参考文献 10
李春燕,丁娟强,朱福平.热喷涂技术制备铁基非晶涂层的研究进展 [J].功能材料,2018,49(12):12056-12061,12070.LI Chunyan,DING Juanqiang,ZHU Fuping.Research progress of Fe-based amorphous coating prepared by thermal spraying technology[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2018,49(12):12056-12061,12070.(in Chinese)
参考文献 11
范建文,梁秀兵,张志彬,等.铝基非晶合金防腐蚀耐磨损性能的研究进展[J].材料保护,2017,50(8):72-76.FAN Jianwen,LIANG Xiubing,ZHANG Zhibin,et al.Research development on corrosion and wear resistance of Al-Based amorphous alloys [J].Materials Protection,2017,50(8):72-76.(in Chinese)
参考文献 12
梁志芳,李午申,王迎娜.热喷涂制备非晶合金涂层的研究状况[J].焊接技术,2006,6:5-7,87.LIANG Zhifang,LI Wushen,WANG Yinna.Research situation of amorphous alloy coating prepared by thermal spraying [J].Welding Technology,2006,6:5-7,87.(in Chinese)
参考文献 13
OKSA M,TUURNA S,VARIS T.Increased lifetime for biomass and waste to energy power plant boilers with HVOF coatings:high temperature corrosion testing under chlorine-containing molten salt[J].Journal of Thermal Spray Technology,2013,22(5):783-796.
参考文献 14
SADEGHIMERESHT E,REDDY L,HUSSAIN T,et al.Chlorine-induced high temperature corrosion of HVAF-sprayed Ni-based alumina and chromia forming coatings [J].Corrosion Science,2017,132:170-184.
参考文献 15
OKSA M,VARIS T,RUUSUVUORI K.Performance testing of iron based thermally sprayed HVOF coatings in a biomass-fired fluidised bed boiler[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2014,251:191-200.
参考文献 16
胡江,刘文举,周昊,等.高耐蚀耐磨非晶纳米晶复合涂层在水轮机转轮上的应用[J].中国水能及电气化,2011,78(7):44-47.HU Jiang,LIU Wenju,ZHOU Hao,et al.Application of amorphous composite coating of high corrosion and wear resistance on wheels of water turbine [J].China Water Power & Electrification,2011,78(7):44-47.(in Chinese)
参考文献 17
ZHOU Z,WANG L,WANG F C,et al.Formation and corrosion behavior of Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings by HVOF thermal spraying[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2009,204(5):563-570.
参考文献 18
WANG Aiping,CHANG Xinchun,HOU Wangliang,et al.Preparation and corrosion properties of Ni-based amorphous alloy coating [J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2006,42(5):537-539.
参考文献 19
GAO M,LU W,YANG B,et al.High corrosion and wear resistance of Al-based amorphous metallic coating synthesized by HVAF spraying[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,735,1363-1373.
参考文献 20
LI C,CHEN W,JIANG Q,et al.Corrosion resistance of Ti-based metallic glass coating in concentrated nitric acid [J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2014,143(3):900-903.
参考文献 21
NINGSHEN S,MUDALI M,KRISHNAN R,et al.Corrosion behavior of Zr-based metallic glass coating on type 304L stainless steel by pulsed laser deposition method[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2011,205(15):3961-3966.
参考文献 22
曹蔚琦.螺旋桨叶片腐蚀失效机理的研究及镍基防护层的制备与优化[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2015.CAO Weiqi.Preparation and optimization of Ni-based coating based on the corrosion of propeller blades[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2015.(in Chinese)
参考文献 23
商俊超,梁秀兵,郭永明,等.高速电弧喷涂镍基非晶纳米晶复合涂层及其磨损性能研究[J].装甲兵工程学院学报,2013,27(2):84-87.SHANG Junchao,LIANG Xiubing,GUO Yongming,et al.High velocity arc spraying Ni-based amorphous nanocrystalline composite coating and its wear properties [J].Journal of Academy of Armored Force Engineering,2013,27(2):84-87.(in Chinese)
参考文献 24
YANG B J,YAO J H,ZHANG J,et al.Al-rich bulk metallic glasses with plasticity and ultrahigh specific strength[J].Scripta Materialia,2009,61(2):423-426.
参考文献 25
WU N C,ZUO L,WANG J Q,et al.Designing aluminumrich bulk metallic glasses via electronic-structure-guided microalloying [J].Acta Materialia,2016,108:143-151.
参考文献 26
LIAO J P,YANG B J,LU W Y,et al.Evaluation of glass formation and critical casting diameter in Al-based metallic glasses[J].Materials and Design,2015,88(1):222-226.
参考文献 27
LI Ran,ZHOU Zheng,HE Dingyong,et al,Wear and corrosion behavior of wire-arc sprayed Fe-based coatings [J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2013,39(10):1576-1580.
参考文献 28
KOBAYASHI A,KURODA T,KIMURA H,et al.Mechanical properties and microstructure of plasma sprayed Ni-Based metallic glass coating [J].AIP Conference Proceedings,2010,1282:33-38.
参考文献 29
QIN Yujiao,WU Yuping,ZHANG Jianfeng.Long-term corrosion behavior of HVOF sprayed FeCrSiBMn amorphous/nanocrystalline coating [J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(4):1144-1150.
参考文献 30
LI Ran,ZHOU Zheng,HE Dingyong,et al.Wear and corrosion behavior of wire-arc sprayed Fe-based coatings [J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2013,39(10):1576-1580.
参考文献 31
TONG Y,DAI Y.Microstructure and properties of Ni-Co/WC coating made through detonation gun spraying[J].Hot Working Technology 2004,5:12-14.
参考文献 32
章小峰.HVOF 喷涂自润滑复合涂层的形成机理及特性研究 [D].武汉:华中科技大学,2008.ZHANG Xiaofeng.Study on forming mechanism of self-lubricating composite coating in HVOF spraying process and its characteristics[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2008.(in Chinese)
参考文献 33
MILANTI A,MATIKAINEN V,KOIVULUOTO H,et al.Effect of spraying parameters on the microstructural and corrosion properties of HVAF-sprayed Fe-Cr-Ni-B-C coatings[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2015,277:81-90.
参考文献 34
DEMAREE J D,WAS G S,SORENSEN N R.Chemical and structural effects of phosphorus on the corrosion behavior of ion beam mixed Fe-Cr-P alloys[J].Cheminform,1993,24(22):6-12.
参考文献 35
MIURA H,ISA S,OMURO K.Production of amorphous Fe-Ni based alloys by flame-spray quenching[J].Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals,1981,22:597-606.
参考文献 36
杨曦,马文,韩继鹏,等.HVOF 制备铁基非晶涂层及其耐磨耐腐蚀性能[J].陶瓷学报,2019,40(5):619-623.YANG Xi,MA Wen,HAN Jipeng,et al.Preparation of Fe-based amorphous coating by HVOF and its wear and corrosion resistance[J].Journal of Ceramics,2019,40(5):619-623.(in Chinese)
参考文献 37
FARMER J C,HASLAM J J,DAY S D,et al.Corrosion resistance of thermally sprayed high-boron iron-based amorphous-metal coatings:Fe49.7Cr17.7Mn1.9Mo7.4W1.6B15.2C3.8 Si2.4 [J].Journal of Materials Research,2007,22(8):2297-2311.
参考文献 38
WANG Y,ZHENG Y G,KE W,et al.Corrosion of high-velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)sprayed iron-based amorphous metallic coatings for marine pump in sodium chloride solutions [J].Materials & Corrosion,2012,63:685-694.
参考文献 39
WANG Y,ZHENG Y G,KE W,et al.Slurry erosion-corrosion behaviour of high-velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)sprayed Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings for marine pump in sand-containing NaCl solutions [J].Corrosion Science,2011,53(10):3177-3185.
参考文献 40
LI J,YANG L,MA H R,et al.Improved corrosion resistance of novel Fe-based amorphous alloys[J].Materials & Design,2016,95:225-230.
参考文献 41
MA H R,CHEN X Y,LI J W,et al.Fe-based amorphous coating with high corrosion and wear resistance [J].Surface Engineering,2016:1-7.
参考文献 42
MA H R,LI J,JIAO J,et al.Wear resistance of Fe-based amorphous coatings prepared by AC-HVAF and HVOF [J].Materials Science and Technology,DOI:10.1080/02670836.2016.1160195.
参考文献 43
JAYARAJ J,SORDELET D J,KIM D H,et al.Corrosion behaviour of Ni-Zr-Ti-Si-Sn amorphous plasma spray coating[J].Corrosion Science,2006,48(4):950-964.
参考文献 44
邱实,张连民,胡红祥,等.HVAF 制备铝基非晶合金涂层及其腐蚀行为研究 [J].中国舰船研究.2020,15(4):89-96.QIU Shi,ZHANG Lianmin,HU Hongxiang,et al.Preparation of HVAF prepared Al-based amorphous coating and its corrosion behavior characterization[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2020,15(4):89-96.(in Chinese)
参考文献 45
靳磊,周海滨,黄早早,等.Fe 基和Al基非晶涂层制备及耐蚀性能研究[J].稀有金属,2019,43(12):1316-1324.JIN Lei,ZHOU Haibin,HUANG Zaozao,et al.Preparing and anti corrosion properties of Fe and Al-based amorphous coatings [J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2019,43(12):1316-1324.(in Chinese)
参考文献 46
叶福兴,刘洛夫,崔崇.等离子喷涂制备铁基非晶合金涂层的结构及其耐腐蚀性能的研究[J].有色金属,2008(S1):70-73.YE Fuxing,LIU Luofu,CUI Chong.Structure and corrosion properties of Fe-Based amorphous coatings deposited by plasma spray[J].Nonferrous Metals,2008(S1):70-73.(in Chinese)
参考文献 47
崔崇,叶福兴,兰学文,等.HVOF 喷涂Fe基非晶合金涂层的组织结构和耐腐蚀性能[J].热喷涂技术,2009,1(1):49-52,38.CUI Chong,YE Fuxing,LAN Xuewen,et al.Structure and corrosion properties of Fe-based amorphous coatings deposited by HVOF[J].Thermal Spray Technology,2009,1(1):49-52,38.(in Chinese)
参考文献 48
李洋.力学因素作用下铁基非晶涂层腐蚀行为实验研究 [D].大庆:东北石油大学,2016.LI Yang.Research on the corrosion behaviorof Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings under mechanical factors [ D ].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2016.(in Chinese)
参考文献 49
刘琛珩.铁基非晶涂层的制备及性能研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2019.LIU Chenheng.Study on preparation and properties of Fe-based amorphous coatings [ D ].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2019.(in Chinese)
参考文献 50
纪秀林,顾鹏,王振松,等.激光重熔对电弧喷涂含非晶相铁基涂层性能的影响[J].表面技术,2019,48(4):68-74.JI Xiulin,GU Peng,WANG Zhensong,et al.Effect of laser remelting on slurry erosion and corrosion properties of Arc-sprayed Fe-based amorphous-containing coatings [J].Surface Technology,2019,48(4):68-74.(in Chinese)
参考文献 51
QIAO L,WU Y,HONG S,et al.Corrosion behavior of HVOF-sprayed Fe-based alloy coating in various solutions[J].Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance,2017,26:3813-3820.
参考文献 52
KAGA G Y,NOGUEIRA R P,BOTTA W J.Corrosion properties of Fe-Cr-Nb-B amorphous alloys and coatings [J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2014,254:238-243.
参考文献 53
BAKARE M S,VOISEY K T,CHOKETHAWAI K,et al.Corrosion behavior of crystalline and amorphous forms of the glass forming alloy Fe43Cr16Mo16C15B10 [J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2012,527:210-218.
参考文献 54
龚玉兵,王善林,聂贵茂.煤油流量对HVOF铁基非晶涂层组织与性能的影响 [J].中国表面工程,2016,29(5):87-94.GONG Yubing,WANG Shanlin,NIE Guimao.Effects of kerosene content on microstructure and properties of HVOF Fe-based amorphous coatings [J].China Surface Engineering,2016,29(5):87-94.(in Chinese)
参考文献 55
WANG S L,LI H X,HWANG S Y,et al.Corrosion behaviors of coatings fabricated using bulk metallic glass powders with the composition of Fe68.5C7.1 Si3.3B5.5P8.7Cr2.3Mo2.5Al2.0 [J].Metals and Materials International,2012,18(4):607-612.
参考文献 56
CHEN Q,HU L,ZHOU X,et al.Effects of NaOH solution concentration on corrosion resistance of Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B amorphous alloy coatings [J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2012,41(1):152-156.
参考文献 57
ZHANG J,DENG C,SONG J,et al.Electrochemical corrosive behaviors of fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline coating on stainless steel prepared by HVOF-sprayed[J].Coatings,2019,9(4):226.
参考文献 58
WU J,ZHANG S D,SUN W H,et al.Enhanced corrosion resistance in Fe-based amorphous coatings through eliminating Cr-depleted zones[J].Corrosion Science,2018,136:161-173.
参考文献 59
WANG Y,JIANG S L,ZHENG Y G,et al.Effect of porosity sealing treatments on the corrosion resistance of high-velocity oxyfuel(HVOF)-sprayed Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings [J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2011,206(6):1307-1318.
参考文献 60
CHOI S J,LEE H S,JANG J W,et al.Corrosion behavior in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution of amorphous coatings prepared through plasma-spray and cold-spray coating processes [J].Metals and Materials International,2014,20(6):1053-1057.
参考文献 61
JIANG C,LIU W.Porosity and corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous coatings prepared by thermal spraying [J].Surface Technology,2017,46(5):238-243.
参考文献 62
JIANG Chaoping,LIU Wangqiang,QANG Gui,et al.The corrosion behaviours of plasma-sprayed Fe-based amorphous coatings[J].Surface Engineering,2018,34(8):634-639.
参考文献 63
吕剑,刘超,韩宇,等.电站锅炉烟气余热利用耐腐蚀铁基非晶涂层材料研究[J].电力科学与工程,2014,30(12):13-18.LÜ Jian,LIU Chao,HAN Yu,et al.Analysis of utilizing anticorrosion Fe-based amorphous coating material with the flue gas waste heat in the power plant boiler[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering.2014,30(12):13-18.(in Chinese)
参考文献 64
谢昂均.电站锅炉模拟烟气环境下的非晶涂层耐腐蚀性能研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2017.XIE Angjun.Research on corrosion resistance of amorphous coating in simulated flue gas environment for power plant boiler [D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2017.(in Chinese)
参考文献 65
卢兰志.铁基非晶合金涂层设计与制备及性能研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2010.LU Lanzhi.Design and preparation of Fe based amorphous alloy coating and its properties [ D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2010.(in Chinese)
参考文献 66
杭州联拓电力技术开发有限公司.火电锅炉涂层技术其应用———新闻报告[EB/OL].(2016-04-11)[2021-08-08].http://uct-power.com/cn/newsdetails.php?id = 20.Hangzhou Liantuo Electric Power Technology Development Co.LTD.Thermal power boiler coating technology and its application-News Report [ EB/OL].(2016-04-11)[2021-08-08].http://uct-power.com/cn/newsdetails.php?id = 20.
参考文献 67
聂贵茂,黄诚,李波,等.铁基非晶合金涂层制备及应用现状[J].表面技术,2017,46(11):6-14.NIE Guimao,HUANG Cheng,LI Bo,et al.Fabrication and application status of Fe-based amorphous alloy coatings [J].Surface Technology,2017,46(11):6-14.(in Chinese)
目录contents

    摘要

    非晶态合金涂层材料因其组织结构均一、耐蚀性优异的特性,在电力材料防护领域有着重要应用价值,热喷涂制备的非晶态合金涂层是电力设施防护方法的重要发展方向。 对相关研究进行了综述。 首先介绍几种重要的非晶态合金材料体系, 引用近年来国内外基于热喷涂等技术的非晶态合金涂层材料的制备方法。 然后分析涂层防腐蚀、防冲蚀效果与机理,重点介绍应用上较重要的铁基、镍基、铝基防腐蚀非晶材料体系的研究进展。 最后,对热喷涂法制备铁基、镍基非晶态涂层材料在电力设施防腐蚀方面的应用及未来发展进行展望。

    Abstract

    Due to the uniform structure, excellent corrosion resistance, the amorphous alloy coating material has an important application value in the protection of power facilities. Amorphous alloy coating material based on thermal spraying is an important development direction of protection methods for power facilities. Therefore, this paper will present a timely and comprehensive review by summarizing and sorting out the relevant research papers. Several important amorphous alloy material systems are introduced firstly, and the preparation methods of amorphous alloy coating materials based on thermal spraying technology are also cited. In addition, a series of research works on anti-corrosion and anti-erosion performance and mechanism are systematically reviewed. The research progresses of iron, nickel and aluminum based anti corrosion amorphous materials system are introduced. Finally, the application and future development of Fe-based and Nickel-based amorphous coating materials prepared by thermal spraying in anti-corrosion of power facilities are prospected.

    关键词

    防腐蚀非晶涂层电力材料

  • 0 前言

  • 在我国电力战略的发展建设过程中,电力设施金属材料的腐蚀问题亟待妥善解决[1]。自然环境中的水和盐分将对金属材料产生腐蚀,历年来对包括电力线路塔架、火电站锅炉、水电站轮机叶片在内的电力设施造成了较大经济损失。为此,通常需要对金属电力材料表面进行防护处理,从而减少金属材料表面腐蚀现象,提高其稳定性,延长服役年限。传统的表面防护处理方法包括有机涂层涂覆[2]、阳极氧化[3]、化学镀[4] 等。然而,这些表面防护处理方法也存在着多方面的缺点与问题,例如,有机涂层材料容易出现老化失效;阳极氧化、化学镀膜等方法制备的防护层则存在适用性有限、保养修复困难等问题。与传统的防护方法相比,非晶合金涂层材料可有效保护电力设施中的金属材料,减少电力材料表面的化学腐蚀、冲蚀磨损等现象,具有防护性能优良,成本较低的优势,能够大大减少金属材料表面腐蚀问题,具有较高的应用价值[5]

  • 非晶态合金材料是由以金属元素为主的熔体材料在高温熔融条件下以高冷却速度(10~10 6 K/s) 降温所获得的一种新型金属材料。超高的冷却速率使得其内部结晶状态远离平衡态,具有短程有序、长程无序的特点,并表现出各向同性,组织结构均一的特性,没有晶体材料中滑移、位错等缺陷,或相起伏、析出物等问题。因此,非晶合金材料通常表现出高强度和耐腐蚀性。在20世纪七八十年代,日本科学家NAKA等发现Fe-Cr-P-C、Fe-Cr-Ni-P-C、Fe-Cr-Ni-P-B块状非晶样品材料具有极其优异的抗腐蚀能力,其中Fe10Cr7P3C在1mol/L盐酸中的年腐蚀深度约为10 μm,而其对304不锈钢的腐蚀速率为1mm/a左右[6-7]

  • 然而,非晶合金材料较小的成形极限尺寸与室温(低温)的脆性严重限制了其应用[8]。与块体非晶合金相比,非晶合金涂层具有二维延展性,并在厚度尺寸上具有较小尺寸,故而同时避免了尺寸和脆性两方面不利条件,成为金属表面腐蚀防护的理想材料。 1996年,KISHITAKE等[9]发现基于热喷涂制备的Fe10Cr7P3C非晶涂层也具有同样优异的抗腐蚀性能。在此思路指引下,国内外科研人员发展多种技术方法,开展了大量有关铁基、镍基非晶合金涂层制备、抗腐蚀特性和机理的研究。研究结果指出, 热喷涂法可有效解决非晶涂层制备中的脆性、尺寸和成本等多方面问题,是当前高性能涂层制备的主流技术之一[10]。近年来,国内外在非晶合金涂层材料的热喷涂制备工艺方法、耐腐蚀耐磨损性能与机理研究方面取得了重要进展,而基于热喷涂方法的非晶合金涂层也已经开始商业化推广,广泛应用于海洋开发、能源化工、电力设施防护、航空航天等诸多领域[11-12]

  • 电力材料防护是非晶态合金涂层的重要应用之一。例如,热喷涂制备的铁基、镍基非晶合金保护涂层,可以增强火力发电站锅炉管壁对中性盐溶液的耐腐蚀能力,更好地保障机组长期有效运行[13-15]; 采用活性燃烧高速喷涂技术在水轮机叶片上制备Fe基、Ni基、高铬不锈钢非晶合金涂层,可有效提高其对含泥沙水的耐磨蚀性能,提高水轮机使用寿命[16]。然而,近年来非晶态合金涂层的热喷涂制备、防腐蚀机理与在电力材料防护方面应用的相关综述鲜有报道。

  • 本文将对相关工作及进展进行整理和系统综述,以为领域内的研究人员提供指导和参考。首先, 本文介绍了几种重要的非晶态合金涂层材料体系和典型的热喷涂制备方法研究的热点问题,并围绕材料组分优化、制备手段改进、激光重熔方法处理等提高非晶合金涂层耐蚀性能的方法与机理方面开展综述。然后,总结了近年来高性能铁基、镍基涂层腐蚀现象和机理的研究进展,分析提高涂层耐蚀性能所需解决的关键问题。最后,介绍了铁基、镍基非晶态涂层在电力材料耐蚀方面的应用,并对热喷涂非晶涂层技术研究的未来发展进行了展望。

  • 1 非晶态涂层材料体系

  • 按照摩尔数占比最大的基体元素组分对非晶态涂层材料进行划分,最常用的非晶涂层包括铁基、镍基、铝基、钛基和锆基等五种[17-21]。由于各种基体金属材料的丰度、电化学特性、材料密度不同,以这五种金属为基体材料制备得到的非晶合金材料具备不同的优势特点。以下对防腐蚀应用中最为广泛的铁、镍、铝基非晶态涂层材料的结构组成与功能特点进行归纳介绍(表1)。

  • 1.1 铁基非晶涂层

  • 铁基非晶涂层具有成本低廉、抗腐蚀性能较强的优势:一方面,铁基非晶涂层采用以铁为主的多元金属为原料,相对其他种类非晶材料成本更低;另一方面,该类涂层具有优良的防腐、耐磨、再修复方便等特点。因此铁基非晶涂层在海洋船舶、石油开采、电力设备防护等方面取得了重要应用。人们在铁基非晶涂层及抗腐蚀性机理方面进行了大量研究,发现Fe-Cr-P-C、Fe-Cr-Mo-(C-B)、Fe-Cr-Mo-P-C、Fe-Cr-Si-B-Mn等非晶涂层均具备优良的抗腐蚀性能。

  • 表1 不同体系金属基体的非晶涂层材料及特点[17-21]

  • Table1 Amorphous coating materials with different metallic substrates and their characteristics [17-21]

  • 1.2 镍基非晶涂层

  • 镍金属的化学性质较铁更稳定,而镍基非晶涂层材料则相比多晶涂层具备更优异的抗磨损和耐腐蚀性能。然而由于镍基粉体制备成本较铁基更高, 因此镍基非晶材料主要用于制备关键部件的功能涂层,如车辆轴承、螺旋桨叶片等金属材料的表面防护涂层等[18-19]。典型的镍基非晶涂层包括Ni-B、Ni-Cr-B、Ni-Cr-B-Mo、Ni-Cr-B-Mo-Fe、Ni-Zr-Ti-Si-Sn等材料。

  • 1.3 铝基涂层材料

  • 铝基非晶合金具有密度低、非晶形成能力强、机械强度高、耐腐蚀性能强的特点,可作为铝合金、镁铝合金等轻质金属的防腐蚀涂层。目前铝基非晶合金的最大尺寸为2.5mm,其非晶形成能力十分接近其工程化涂覆的工艺窗口,典型的铝基非晶合金材料包括Al-Ni-Mn-Fe、Al-Ni-Y-Co等[24-26]

  • 此外,钛基、锆基非晶合金也具备较强的耐腐蚀性,并具有较好的生物相容性,可应用于生物医学等领域,但涂层成本相对较高。综合比较,铁基与镍基的非晶合金涂层材料最有希望应用于电力设施的防腐蚀应用方面。

  • 2 非晶合金涂层制备手段及提高涂层耐腐蚀性能的方法

  • 热喷涂法是当前非晶合金涂层的主流制备方法,基体材料在熔化后高速喷涂到衬底表面,以超急冷方式冷却以形成非晶合金层,主要制备工艺包括火焰喷涂 ( Flame spray) [27]、等离子喷涂 ( Plasma spray) [28]、超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF spray) [29]、电弧喷涂(Arc spray) [30]、爆炸喷涂(Gun spray) [31] 等。目前基于该方法的非晶合金涂层的研究热点问题主要集中在三个方面,可总结概述如下。

  • (1)优化涂层前驱体材料的元素成分设计

  • 非晶合金涂层材料的成分设计通常基于合金本身的非晶形成能力考虑,而并没有兼顾涂覆后的耐腐蚀性能的应用需求。因此,如何通过元素的合理匹配,使其兼具良好非晶形成能力与耐腐蚀特性,是未来非晶合金涂层研究热点之一。

  • (2)采用改进热喷涂方法制备非晶合金涂层

  • 活性燃烧高速燃气超音速火焰喷涂 ( AC-HVAF)技术是对原有超音速火焰喷涂技术的改进。在AC-HVAF技术中,高压空气与丙烷燃料混合,在燃烧室内燃烧并产生高速火焰,粉末颗粒被高速火焰加热融化, 随后被喷射到基体表面形成涂层。 AC-HVAF技术具有粉末粒子速度高和火焰温度低的特点,可有效抑制喷涂过程中的氧化问题,制备出氧含量极低、均匀致密的非晶合金涂层。两者工作原理比较如图1所示[32-33]

  • (3) 非晶涂层喷涂后的后处理优化

  • 激光重熔处理是其中代表性的后处理优化方法之一。该方法是集激光加热熔化、熔池中物质交互作用及快速凝固成形等多学科交叉的新技术。通过采用较高功率密度的激光束,在非晶金属合金表面扫描以使其熔化,随后快速冷却凝固(通常速率为10 2~10 6 K/s),可调控非晶涂层材料表层形貌,增强其耐腐蚀性能。

  • 以下将分别对近年来非晶合金涂层的制备与耐蚀性能、材料腐现象与耐蚀机理、材料耐蚀性能优化的研究进展进行总结。

  • 2.1 非晶合金涂层制备及耐腐蚀性能

  • 综合工艺成本、安全性和成膜质量的考虑,近年来较为常用的热喷涂制备非晶合金涂层的工艺方法为等离子喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂、电弧喷涂法等三种。按照前一部分的分析,国内外研究者近年来通过改变材料组分、优化现有的热喷涂制备手段、采用激光重熔方法对喷涂制备的非晶涂层进行处理,制备得到了具有更优抗冲蚀和耐腐蚀性能的非晶合金涂层。

  • 图1 超音速火焰喷涂与活性燃烧高速燃气超音速火焰喷涂技术原理比较[32-33]

  • Fig.1 Comparison of working principles of HVOF and AC-HVAF spraying methods [32-33]

  • 在耐腐蚀非晶涂层的组分优化方面,国内外研究人员在更优防腐蚀性能的铁基、镍基、铝基非晶合金涂层材料制备上取得了一定进展。

  • 为实现高性能铁基非晶涂层,通常需要加入一定种类总摩尔数占比约20%的准金属元素,例如B、 C、Si、P等,以确保合金的非晶形成能力,从而提升材料的长期耐腐蚀性能[29,33-34],如图2所示。

  • 1981年,日本钢铁科技学院的MIURA等[35] 首次采用火焰喷涂技术制备了多种Fe-Ni-P-B非晶涂层,并通过X射线衍射和示差扫描热分析证明了涂层由非晶相组成,并具备高硬度和耐腐蚀性。铁-铬基非晶合金涂层被证明同样具备较优异的抗腐蚀能力。杨曦等[36] 通过超音速火焰喷涂 ( HVOF spray)制备了一种元素组成为Fe51.1Cr18.1Mo30.8 的非晶涂层,并研究了涂层的耐磨损耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,涂层孔隙率较低 ( 约1.2%), 非晶相含量为94.8%,硬度为1 159HV,远高于316L不锈钢基体, 并具有钝化区间宽,抗钝化膜破裂能力强的特点。

  • 在已有铁基多元合金涂层的基础上,FARMER等[37]证明更多元素组元的Fe-Cr-Mn-Mo-W-B-C-Si系列结构非晶金属具有更优异的抗腐蚀性能,其中, 铬(Cr)、钼(Mo)和钨(W)等金属元素可提供耐腐蚀性,而硼(B)、碳(C)等类金属元素促使材料非晶态的形成。王允等[38-39] 则利用超音速火焰喷涂技术, 在304不锈钢基体上制备了Fe54.2Cr18.3Mo13.7Mn2.0W6.0B3.3C1.1 Si1.4 非晶合金涂层,并研究了其结构、硬度、耐腐蚀性能和电极反应动力学过程,发现该Fe基非晶合金涂层具有较高非晶含量和均匀的组织结构,在氯化钠溶液中表现出较高的耐腐蚀性能。中科院宁波材料技术与工程研究所MA等[40-42]在铁基非晶成分设计及其涂层性能研究方面取得重要进展。通过利用Ni和P取代SAM合金中昂贵的稀土、W和Mo,以及调控Cr和Mo的比例,获得非晶形成能力大于2mm的新型铁基非晶合金材料,并制备出成粉率(> 100目) 达80%以上的球形非晶粉末。优化后的合金体系在少量Cr(8at.%)和Mo(3.5at.%)添加时就能实现优异的耐腐蚀性能, 与高Cr ( 15at.%) 和Mo ( 14at.%)含量的非晶钢( SAM1651) 相当,且钝化膜稳定性更好[40]。通过简单的工艺优化, 获得厚度300 μm以上的低氧含量、低孔隙率、高非晶含量的涂层。其在模拟海水中的耐腐蚀性能和室温下的干摩擦磨损性能可与SAM1651等SAM系非晶涂层相媲美,但原材料成本可降低50%以上[41-42]

  • 图2 HVOF喷涂法制备Fe-Cr-Si-B-Mn非晶合金层硬铬涂层和28d酸腐蚀效果比较[29]

  • Fig.2 Comparison of acid corrosion effect between Fe-Cr-Si-B-Mn amorphous alloy coating (a) hard chromium coating and (b) prepared by HVOF spraying for 28days [29]

  • 镍-锆基多组元非晶涂层近年来也取得新进展。例如,JAYARAJ等[43] 采用气雾化粉末和低压等离子喷涂技术,在Ni-Zr-Ti组分的基础上喷涂制备了Ni59Zr20Ti16 Si2 Sn3 的多晶和非晶涂层,并对其抗腐蚀性能进行了比较,结果表明,在0.5mol/L的H2 SO4 中成分相同的镍基多晶合金涂层腐蚀率为2 000 μm/a左右,而非晶合金涂层的腐蚀速率则降低到~1 μm/a,其抗腐蚀性能提高了数千倍。

  • 铝基非晶合金涂层方面,为提升2024铝合金表面的耐蚀性能,邱实[44]采用空气超音速火焰喷涂 (HVAF)方法,在传统的Al-Ni-Y组分的基础上制备了Al86Ni6Y4.5Co2La1.5 涂层,并研究了其腐蚀行为。结果表明,较高的喷涂速度使得熔化颗粒的冷却速度高于非晶形成所需的临界冷却速率,大大增加了涂层的非晶含量(高达81.3%),降低了涂层的孔隙率,因此弱化了孔隙对涂层耐蚀性能的影响。另外, 涂层中含有一定的钝化(Ni和Co) 和缓蚀(Y) 元素,使得涂层具有一定的钝化和缓蚀能力,可有效阻止局部腐蚀的发生。靳磊等[45]比较研究了铁基、铝基非晶涂层与铝合金材料的耐腐蚀性能,其中铁基涂层的组分为Fe49.7 Cr17.7 Mn1.9Mo7.4W1.6 B15.2C3.8 Si2.4, 而铝基涂层的组分为Al86Ni8La1Co1Y2Gd2。结果表明,铝合金、铁基、铝基涂层耐3.5%质量分数盐水浸泡寿命依次为1 236, 1 658和2 147h。相比而言,大气等离子喷涂工艺制备的Al基非晶涂层有较好的耐腐性能。

  • 在优化热喷涂制备手段方面,国内外研究人员比较了等离子喷涂、超音速火焰喷涂等技术的优缺点,并通过采用改进后的AC-HVAF技术获得了耐腐蚀性能更强的非晶涂层材料。

  • 叶福兴等[46-47] 比较了等离子喷涂技术和超音速火焰喷涂技术制备铁基非晶涂层的耐腐蚀能力。首先,选用铁基非晶合金粉末(含Cr、Mo、Ni、P、B、 Si),采用等离子喷涂方法在Q235低碳钢和不锈钢基体上制备合金涂层,并研究了材料结构和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:涂层与基体结合紧密,均匀致密度高,且主要由非晶组成;涂层由变形为条带状的粒子搭接而成,其中含少量未熔粒子和氧化物。所制备铁基非晶涂层气孔率2.5%,硬度750~850HV0.1。具备对H2 SO4、HCl和NaOH溶液的优异耐腐蚀能力。另一方面,采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备了铁基非晶合金涂层(含Cr、Mo、Ni、P、B、Si)。所得涂层孔隙率和显微硬度分别为1.8%和823HV0.1,非晶化程度较高;微观结构分析表明,涂层呈波浪层状组织,由熔化变形扁平粒子、未熔化粉末颗粒以及孔隙、裂纹等缺陷组成,晶化区间532~580℃。涂层对NaOH溶液中的耐腐蚀性能最强,其次为NaCl溶液,而在H2 SO4 溶液中的耐腐蚀性能较差。相比较而言,等离子喷涂制备非晶涂层致密度高,耐酸、碱、盐的腐蚀效果好,但气孔率略高于超音速火焰喷涂; 而超音速火焰喷涂技术制备的非晶耐腐蚀涂层气孔率更低,耐酸腐蚀性能有待提高。

  • AC-HVAF法是基于HVOF方法的改进,研究人员基于此方法进行了高性能非晶涂层制备的研究工作。李洋[48] 采用AC-HVAF法制备了铁基非晶涂层,结果表明,涂层材料的非晶相含量高,含少量Fe2C、Cr7C3、M23C6 和Cr2B,基本不含氧化物,涂层结构致密,与基体界面结合良好。非晶涂层钝化电流密度随[H + ]、[Cl-]浓度和温度增加而增大,点蚀阻力不敏感于各参数变化,涂层具有较高的局部腐蚀抗力。 AC-HVAF非晶涂层孔隙率低、结构缺陷少,抗均匀腐蚀和点蚀的能力高于HVOF非晶涂层,AC-HVAF涂层的钝化电流密度敏感于温度和pH值变化,高硬度和钝化稳定性使得AC-HVAF涂层具有相比HVOF制备涂层更为优异的抗冲蚀性能。

  • 在热喷涂-激光重熔方法的非晶合金涂层制备方面,研究人员研究了工艺参数的激光熔覆非晶涂层的耐腐蚀特性,可依据不同需求对材料硬度和耐蚀性能进行调控。

  • 刘琛珩[49]结合等离子喷涂方法和双层激光熔覆工艺在45钢基体表面制备了结构致密且非晶态含量比例高的铁基非晶涂层。研究结果指出,等离子喷涂涂层中有少量的空隙和未熔粒子,为腐蚀介质提供了侵蚀通道,降低了涂层的耐腐蚀性能;而激光重熔覆的方法可减小涂层表面裂纹、提高其耐腐蚀特性,但将使涂层表面结晶化,降低其表面硬度。通过改进的光纤激光器和同轴送粉方式进行两层熔覆方法,可在减少材料表面裂纹的同时,确保一定的非晶相比例,得到耐腐蚀性能优于等离子喷涂法的铁基非晶合金涂层。

  • 纪秀林等[50]采用YAG脉冲激光器对电弧喷涂含非晶相Fe基涂层进行了激光重熔处理,提高了涂层的抗冲蚀及耐腐蚀性能。如图3所示,电弧喷涂含非晶相Fe基涂层经激光重熔后发生了晶化,并随着功率的增加,非晶含量降低并导致硬度降低。然而重熔后的涂层与基体的结合方式由之前的机械咬合转变为冶金结合,涂层致密度明显提高。与喷涂层相比,0.3kW激光重熔涂层的抗冲蚀性能在30° 攻角下可提高3倍,在90° 攻角下可提高将近6倍, 而在3.5%NaCl溶液中,重熔层的耐蚀性能随激光功率提高而增强,且腐蚀电流密度相比原喷涂层的明显降低。

  • 图3 电弧喷涂激光重熔工艺涂层前与重熔后的截面形貌比较[50]

  • Fig.3 Comparison of section morphology before and after arc spraying laser remelting process

  • 2.2 非晶合金涂层耐腐蚀机理及优化

  • 通常认为,非晶合金材料的表面钝化保护和显微结构均匀性是其优异耐蚀性能的主要原因。然而在实际热喷涂制备的非晶涂层材料中,不可避免地存在未融粉末颗粒、孔隙、晶化相,甚至氧化物杂质, 这些因素将导致非晶涂层材料的耐腐蚀能力下降, 如图4所示[51]。在较恶劣的工况条件下,非晶合金涂层可能在电化学腐蚀和机械磨损的共同作用下加速损坏。为此,研究人员针对不同方法制备的铁基、镍基涂层的腐蚀现象和机理开展了大量分析与实验研究,为未来寻找提高非晶合金涂层耐腐蚀、耐冲蚀性能寻找解决方案。

  • 图4 热喷涂制备非晶涂层中的孔隙、未融颗粒形貌示意图[51]

  • Fig.4 Morphological pictures of pore and unmelted particles in amorphous coatings prepared by thermal spraying

  • 非晶相的涂层材料不存在多晶、单晶材料中的偏析、缺陷等问题,并能形成表面钝化膜,因而具备优异的抗点蚀和均匀腐蚀的性能,而造成其腐蚀的主要原因来自于材料表面孔隙[51],以及微量的晶化相引起的原电池效应[52]。其中材料孔隙引起的腐蚀效应机理如图5所示。 BAKARE等[53] 基于超音速火焰喷涂手段(HVOF)制备了Fe43Cr16Mo16C15B10 非晶涂层,试验结果证明,该材料相比同组分结晶涂层有更强的耐稀硫酸( 0.5mol/L)、盐溶液( 3.5%NaCl)腐蚀的能力。龚玉兵等[54] 发现,在铁基非晶涂层中,材料非晶相的含量占比越高,孔隙率越低, 则其耐HCl酸溶液腐蚀性能越优异。美国密歇根大学的DEMAREE等[34] 比较研究不同P掺杂量Fe10CrP X(0≤X≤35at%) 非晶合金膜层的结构、电化学特性对其抗腐蚀特性的影响,证明磷含量增大同时引起非晶相增多和耐腐蚀能力增强,然而非晶相的增多并不是抗腐蚀能力增强的原因。高的磷组分使得腐蚀过程中非晶合金表面形成更多氧化物钝化膜与铬元素的富集,这两方面才是显著减小材料表面腐蚀电流,提高其耐腐蚀性能的重要因素。

  • 图5 材料孔隙引起的腐蚀效应机理示意图[51]

  • Fig.5 Schematic diagram of corrosion effect mechanism caused by material pores

  • 热喷涂法制备的铁基非晶合金涂层被证明具有较好的耐盐或耐酸腐蚀性能,然而其耐碱腐蚀性能较差。 WANG等[55] 研究了HVOF法制备Fe68.5C7.1 Si3.3B5.5P8.7Cr2.3Mo2.5Al2.0 涂层材料对摩尔质量为1mol/L的HCl、H2 SO4、NaCl和NaOH溶液的耐腐蚀性能,结果表明材料在酸溶液中耐腐蚀性较强,而在碱溶液中的耐腐蚀性较差 ( 图6)。 CHEN等[56]研究了Fe44Cr16Mo16C18B6 非晶合金涂层的耐碱腐蚀特性,发现非晶态合金涂层的脱落腐蚀产物随着氢氧化钠溶液浓度升高而增加。 ZHANG [57]等研究了HVOF方法制备的Fe-Cr-Mn-W-Mo-Si合金涂层的耐腐蚀机理,采用动态极化电位曲线和电化学阻抗谱等电化学测量技术研究了非晶/纳米晶涂层在NaCl腐蚀介质中的腐蚀行为和腐蚀膜特性。结果表明,铁基非晶态/纳米晶涂层的耐酸、盐腐蚀性与表面形成由铁、铬、钼、钨等氧化物组成的钝化膜有关。而在强碱性条件下,非晶态/纳米晶涂层不仅具有点蚀,而且具有钝化膜的活性溶解,这导致了涂层的耐腐蚀性能较中性和酸性腐蚀介质更差。

  • 图6 Fe68.5C7.1 Si3.3B5.5P8.7Cr2.3Mo2.5Al2.0 涂层材料对不同PH值腐蚀液的耐腐蚀性能比较[55]

  • Fig.6 Comparison of corrosion resistance of Fe68.5C7.1Si3.3B5.5P8.7Cr2.3Mo2.5Al2.0 coating materials to corrosion fluids with different pH values

  • 在减少材料缺陷(氧化物、孔隙)引起的腐蚀的机理研究方面,人们采取不同方法提高材料的耐腐蚀性,并取得了一些进展。 WU等[58] 电化学极化处理以选择性地溶解铁基非晶涂层中因缺陷造成的局部铬损耗区域,随后进行封孔处理,从而大幅提高了涂层的耐腐蚀性,使得材料表面被动电流密度下降了一个数量级,其耐腐蚀性能提升机理示意图如图7所示。 WANG等[59]研究了孔隙密封处理对HVOF喷涂FeCrMoMnWBCSi非晶合金涂层耐腐蚀性能的影响。采用正硅酸钠、磷酸铝和铈盐三种密封剂对非晶合金涂层进行了封孔处理,发现非晶涂层材料的耐均匀腐蚀性能得到了显著提高,被动电流密度降低了一个数量级,其中磷酸铝可同时提高材料的耐均匀腐蚀性和耐点蚀性,铈盐密封剂对于耐点蚀性的提高有效,而正硅酸钠则适用于提高材料的耐均匀腐蚀性。激光重熔方法也被应用于减小涂层孔隙率从而提高其耐腐蚀性能。 CHOI等[60] 指出,对于相同组分的铁基非晶涂层Fe68.6C7.1 Si3.3B5.5 P8.7Cr2.3Al2.0Mo2.5,等离子喷涂方法制备的非晶涂层的耐盐腐蚀性要差于冷喷涂制备的涂层,主要源自等离子喷涂非晶涂层中存在的孔隙和未熔颗粒的边界。姜超平等[61]指出,采用激光快速表面重熔对涂层微表层进行快速重熔处理,可以达到降低涂层孔隙率、提高涂层耐腐蚀性的目的。

  • 图7 电化学极化处理溶解局部铬损耗区-后封孔处理原理示意图[58]

  • Fig.7 Schematic diagram of Electrochemical polarization treatment to dissolve local chromium loss zone-post-sealing treatment

  • 3 非晶涂层在电力设施防腐蚀方面的应用

  • 由于非晶合金涂层克服了块体非晶材料室温脆性的弱点,同时具备高硬度、高耐蚀性的优点,非晶合金涂层近年来在电力设施的防腐蚀、防冲蚀方面发挥了诸多重要作用[62]。其中典型应用包括锅炉设施的管道、管壁层大面积防护,以及关键部件的表面保护等。前者包括火力发电锅炉管壁耐酸腐蚀层、循环流化床锅炉管道耐冲蚀层;后者包括水电站轮机叶片表面的耐冲蚀层等。铁基非晶涂层成本相对其他种类的更低,并具有优异的防腐蚀、耐磨、抗高温和再加工能力强等特点,可应对腐蚀和磨损并存的恶劣工况环境,目前已经在我国电力行业开展推广应用。

  • 随着我国经济的发展和国人环保意识的提升, 节能减排的呼声越发强烈,国内许多火力发电厂已将降低锅炉排烟温度、回收余热作为一项重要的整改措施,从而对耐低温酸露点材料提出了更高要求, 因此需要利用铁基非晶涂层,提高锅炉的耐硫酸露点腐蚀性能。吕剑等[63] 比较研究了铁基非晶涂层材料与不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能。在质量分数为50%的硫酸腐蚀168h后,结果表明非晶涂层的单位面积腐蚀质量损失远低于20G钢在相同条件下的腐蚀质量损失;相同条件下,非晶涂层与20G钢相比具有更小的腐蚀电流密度和较高的极化电阻,从而增加电化学反应的阻力,促进合金腐蚀更快地进入钝化区并保持更小的维钝电流密度。谢昂均[64] 开展了非晶合金涂层在低温烟气环境下的腐蚀研究。通过调研选取合适的工艺参数,采用激光熔覆技术制备单层和双层铁基非晶涂层。电化学实验表明,非晶涂层的自腐蚀电位明显高于基体,自腐蚀电位分别提高了0.1~0.2V,表明涂层能很好地适应电站强酸等腐蚀环境;而模拟烟气腐蚀实验结果表明单层、多层非晶涂层的耐腐蚀性能分别约为基体的2倍、3倍;此外,钼、铬等微量元素在表面形成钝化膜,可阻止烟气腐蚀的继续深入。这些结果均证明,非晶合金涂层具有优异的耐冲蚀、耐腐蚀性能,可很大程度上促进余热利用在电厂中的推广应用。

  • 循环流化床锅炉(CFB,Circulating fluidized bed boiler)与传统燃煤锅炉相比具有诸多优势,在电力领域取得了重要应用,但锅炉“四管”(锅炉水冷壁、过热器、再热器和省煤器) 的严重冲蚀磨损影响了机组的正常运行,而解决这一问题的有效途径是在关键管壁等部件表面制备一层性能优异的耐磨蚀涂层。因此,非晶合金涂层为其中重要且可行的选项。卢兰志[65] 以Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B系非晶合金系为基础系列,自主研发了两个系列具有较强非晶形成能力的铁基粉芯线材,利用高速电弧喷涂技术制备了Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B-Si系和低合金量Fe基非晶合金系两种系列的非晶合金涂层。测试分析了两种系列非晶涂层的结构、显微硬度、热稳定性、和耐涂盐腐蚀性能,探讨了硅硼含量对涂层性能的影响,并对低合金量铁基非晶合金系列涂层在30°、90°冲蚀角度不同温度下的耐冲蚀性能展开了测试分析,论证了改型铁基涂层应用于CFB锅炉水冷壁防护层的可行性。

  • 铁基非晶合金涂层近年来在我国电力材料防护领域已取得应用,包括水电轮机叶片修复、火电锅炉壁防护、风力发电机叶片防护等[66],如图8所示。例如,2013年和2016年,科盾公司分别实施了内蒙古华电乌达热电有限公司(乌达电厂) 150MW的CFB锅炉的水冷壁铁基非晶涂层施工[67]。据估算, CFB锅炉水冷壁上每次非晶涂层可以使用5年以上,而采用常规的晶体合金材料涂层则每年需要做2次。非晶合金涂层的应用有效地解决了长期困扰电厂的水冷壁管磨损和安全生产的难题,节省运维费用,每个大修周期带来的直接经济效益1 040万元。另据报道,广西投资集团有限公司旗下的广西柳州发电有限责任公司柳州电厂使用的煤质含硫量高达3.5%,2014年8月采用超音速电弧喷涂技术在其煤粉炉的水冷壁上制备铁基非晶涂层,经过一年的使用,发现非晶涂层减薄约为11%,其使用寿命远大于一个大修周期(5年)。非晶涂层减少了因水冷壁腐蚀磨损原因导致的非计划停炉次数,而因减少停机时间而增加发电量给工业、农业带来的间接效益,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益[67]

  • 图8 热喷涂非晶涂层在电力材料防护方面的典型应用[66]

  • Fig.8 Typical applications of thermal sprayed amorphous coatings in the protection of power materials

  • 4 结论与展望

  • 非晶合金涂层材料在克服块体非晶材料缺点的同时保留了其优势,在电力设施、材料表面防护等应用领域有较强的应用潜力。国内外科研人员近年来研发了多种体系的非晶合金耐蚀涂层,部分材料在电力设施防护方面已取得初步应用。对相关非晶涂层材料制备、耐蚀性能和应用研究现状主要可总结为三方面结论:

  • (1)铁基非晶合金涂层具备较优异的耐蚀性能与较低成本,是当前非晶涂层的研究重点。

  • 相对铝基、镍基合金而言,铁基非晶合金成本最低,并具备涂层致密度高,耐蚀性强等特性。铁基非晶合金通常可通过添加Mo、W或稀土材料以获得足够的玻璃形成能力和高耐蚀性,但这将增加这些合金的成本,限制了其应用范围。

  • (2)热喷涂非晶合金涂层具备优异的耐酸、盐腐蚀性能,通过改进制备工艺,或激光重熔、封孔处理等可以提高其耐冲蚀和耐碱腐蚀性能。

  • 热喷涂方法制备涂层与基底材料具有较高的结合强度,相比冷喷涂制备涂层具有更强的耐冲蚀性能,然而其孔隙和颗粒边界的存在使得其耐腐蚀性能( 尤其是耐碱溶液腐蚀性能) 下降。通过改进材料热喷涂制备工艺( 如高速燃气超音速火焰喷涂),或利用激光重熔以及封孔处理改善表面微结构,可以提高涂层的耐冲蚀和耐碱腐蚀性能。

  • (3)热喷涂铁基非晶合金涂层已在电力材料防护方面取得重要应用。

  • 热喷涂铁基非晶合金涂层目前已在锅炉管壁耐蚀防护、水电轮机叶片修复、火电锅炉壁防护、风力发电机叶片防护等诸多领域取得应用,并取得了较为显著的经济和社会效益。

  • 针对耐蚀涂层组分改进、激光重熔处理表面耐腐蚀机制、热喷涂非晶涂层的工艺优化等方面所需深入研究的关键科学问题,可做如下展望:

  • (1)改进非晶粉末组分体系,实现成本更低、性能更优的合金涂层。

  • 虽然相对而言铁基非晶粉末较其他非晶体系价格低廉,但仍然远高于一般的金属材料。因此,发展更低成本的非晶粉体组分,例如采用Ni、 P、B等元素替代铁基合金非晶中较昂贵的Mo、W或稀土元素组分,对于降低非晶合金涂层成本, 推广其在电力设施防护方面的应用而言至关重要。

  • (2)研究激光重熔调控非晶涂层表面微结构, 提高材料耐腐蚀性的方法。

  • 激光熔覆等方法可以减小材料表面孔隙、裂纹, 提高材料硬度,然而处理后材料表面微结构调控与腐蚀机理尚不明晰,未来有待开展相关研究,同时提高非晶合金涂层的耐冲蚀与耐腐蚀性能。

  • (3)研究现有热喷涂制备非晶涂层的工艺方法优化对于提高其耐腐蚀性的机理。

  • 研究者们发展了活性燃烧高速燃气超音速火焰喷涂等方法,优化了原有热喷涂设备与工艺方法。未来需要进一步优化热喷涂非晶涂层材料制备工艺方法,研究提高涂层材料耐蚀性机理,更好地服务于电力设施防腐蚀应用的目标。

  • 参考文献

    • [1] 缪金,杨立恒.电力设备金属腐蚀典型案例分析[J].焊接技术,2019,48(S1):87-91.MIAO Jin,YANG Liheng.Typical case analysis of metal corrosion of power equipment[J].Welding Technology,2019,48(S1):87-91.(in Chinese)

    • [2] 蒋莉.不锈钢表面导电聚合物涂层的制备及防腐蚀机理研究 [D].南京:南京大学,2019.JIANG Li.Study on preparation and anti corrosion mechanisms of conductive polymer coatings for stainless steel [ D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2019.(in Chinese)

    • [3] 王雨顺,丁毅,马立群.铝及铝合金阳极氧化膜的封孔工艺研究进展[J].表面技术,2010,39(4):87-90,109.WANG Yushun,DING Yi,MA Liqun.Development of sealing technology of anodized aluminum and aluminum alloys [J].Surface Coating,2010,39(4):87-90,109.(in Chinese)

    • [4] 张明霞,镍基合金镀层的制备及其耐磨耐腐性能研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2018.ZHANG Mingxia.Preparation and wear,corrosion resistance of Ni-based alloy coatings[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2018.(in Chinese)

    • [5] XU H F,XIAO J K,ZHANG G,et al.Progress of thermal sprayed NiCrBSi based wear-resistant coatings [J].Surface Technology,2016,45(2):109-117.

    • [6] NAKA M,HASHIMOTO K,MASUMOTO T,et al.Corroison resistivity of amorphous iron alloys containing chromium [J].Centro De Matemática Da Universidade De Coimbra,1974,26(9):93-94.

    • [7] NAKA M,HASHIMOTO K,MASUMOTO T,et al.Effect of heat treatment on corrosion behaviro of amorphous Fe-Cr-P-C and Fe-Ni-Cr-P-B alloys in 1N Hcl[J].Corrosion,1980,36(12):679-686.

    • [8] 聂贵茂,黄诚,李波,等.铁基非晶合金涂层制备及应用现状[J].表面技术,2017,46(11):6-14.NIE Guimao,HUANG Cheng,LI Bo,et al.Fabrication and application status of Fe-based amorphous alloy coatings [J].Surface Technology,2017,46(11):6-14.(in Chinese)

    • [9] KISHITAKE K,ERA H,OTSUBO F.Thermal-sprayed Fe10CM3P7C amorphous coatings possessing excellent corrosion resistance[J].Journal of Thermal Spray Technology,1996,5(4):476-482.

    • [10] 李春燕,丁娟强,朱福平.热喷涂技术制备铁基非晶涂层的研究进展 [J].功能材料,2018,49(12):12056-12061,12070.LI Chunyan,DING Juanqiang,ZHU Fuping.Research progress of Fe-based amorphous coating prepared by thermal spraying technology[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2018,49(12):12056-12061,12070.(in Chinese)

    • [11] 范建文,梁秀兵,张志彬,等.铝基非晶合金防腐蚀耐磨损性能的研究进展[J].材料保护,2017,50(8):72-76.FAN Jianwen,LIANG Xiubing,ZHANG Zhibin,et al.Research development on corrosion and wear resistance of Al-Based amorphous alloys [J].Materials Protection,2017,50(8):72-76.(in Chinese)

    • [12] 梁志芳,李午申,王迎娜.热喷涂制备非晶合金涂层的研究状况[J].焊接技术,2006,6:5-7,87.LIANG Zhifang,LI Wushen,WANG Yinna.Research situation of amorphous alloy coating prepared by thermal spraying [J].Welding Technology,2006,6:5-7,87.(in Chinese)

    • [13] OKSA M,TUURNA S,VARIS T.Increased lifetime for biomass and waste to energy power plant boilers with HVOF coatings:high temperature corrosion testing under chlorine-containing molten salt[J].Journal of Thermal Spray Technology,2013,22(5):783-796.

    • [14] SADEGHIMERESHT E,REDDY L,HUSSAIN T,et al.Chlorine-induced high temperature corrosion of HVAF-sprayed Ni-based alumina and chromia forming coatings [J].Corrosion Science,2017,132:170-184.

    • [15] OKSA M,VARIS T,RUUSUVUORI K.Performance testing of iron based thermally sprayed HVOF coatings in a biomass-fired fluidised bed boiler[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2014,251:191-200.

    • [16] 胡江,刘文举,周昊,等.高耐蚀耐磨非晶纳米晶复合涂层在水轮机转轮上的应用[J].中国水能及电气化,2011,78(7):44-47.HU Jiang,LIU Wenju,ZHOU Hao,et al.Application of amorphous composite coating of high corrosion and wear resistance on wheels of water turbine [J].China Water Power & Electrification,2011,78(7):44-47.(in Chinese)

    • [17] ZHOU Z,WANG L,WANG F C,et al.Formation and corrosion behavior of Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings by HVOF thermal spraying[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2009,204(5):563-570.

    • [18] WANG Aiping,CHANG Xinchun,HOU Wangliang,et al.Preparation and corrosion properties of Ni-based amorphous alloy coating [J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2006,42(5):537-539.

    • [19] GAO M,LU W,YANG B,et al.High corrosion and wear resistance of Al-based amorphous metallic coating synthesized by HVAF spraying[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,735,1363-1373.

    • [20] LI C,CHEN W,JIANG Q,et al.Corrosion resistance of Ti-based metallic glass coating in concentrated nitric acid [J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2014,143(3):900-903.

    • [21] NINGSHEN S,MUDALI M,KRISHNAN R,et al.Corrosion behavior of Zr-based metallic glass coating on type 304L stainless steel by pulsed laser deposition method[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2011,205(15):3961-3966.

    • [22] 曹蔚琦.螺旋桨叶片腐蚀失效机理的研究及镍基防护层的制备与优化[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2015.CAO Weiqi.Preparation and optimization of Ni-based coating based on the corrosion of propeller blades[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2015.(in Chinese)

    • [23] 商俊超,梁秀兵,郭永明,等.高速电弧喷涂镍基非晶纳米晶复合涂层及其磨损性能研究[J].装甲兵工程学院学报,2013,27(2):84-87.SHANG Junchao,LIANG Xiubing,GUO Yongming,et al.High velocity arc spraying Ni-based amorphous nanocrystalline composite coating and its wear properties [J].Journal of Academy of Armored Force Engineering,2013,27(2):84-87.(in Chinese)

    • [24] YANG B J,YAO J H,ZHANG J,et al.Al-rich bulk metallic glasses with plasticity and ultrahigh specific strength[J].Scripta Materialia,2009,61(2):423-426.

    • [25] WU N C,ZUO L,WANG J Q,et al.Designing aluminumrich bulk metallic glasses via electronic-structure-guided microalloying [J].Acta Materialia,2016,108:143-151.

    • [26] LIAO J P,YANG B J,LU W Y,et al.Evaluation of glass formation and critical casting diameter in Al-based metallic glasses[J].Materials and Design,2015,88(1):222-226.

    • [27] LI Ran,ZHOU Zheng,HE Dingyong,et al,Wear and corrosion behavior of wire-arc sprayed Fe-based coatings [J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2013,39(10):1576-1580.

    • [28] KOBAYASHI A,KURODA T,KIMURA H,et al.Mechanical properties and microstructure of plasma sprayed Ni-Based metallic glass coating [J].AIP Conference Proceedings,2010,1282:33-38.

    • [29] QIN Yujiao,WU Yuping,ZHANG Jianfeng.Long-term corrosion behavior of HVOF sprayed FeCrSiBMn amorphous/nanocrystalline coating [J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(4):1144-1150.

    • [30] LI Ran,ZHOU Zheng,HE Dingyong,et al.Wear and corrosion behavior of wire-arc sprayed Fe-based coatings [J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2013,39(10):1576-1580.

    • [31] TONG Y,DAI Y.Microstructure and properties of Ni-Co/WC coating made through detonation gun spraying[J].Hot Working Technology 2004,5:12-14.

    • [32] 章小峰.HVOF 喷涂自润滑复合涂层的形成机理及特性研究 [D].武汉:华中科技大学,2008.ZHANG Xiaofeng.Study on forming mechanism of self-lubricating composite coating in HVOF spraying process and its characteristics[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2008.(in Chinese)

    • [33] MILANTI A,MATIKAINEN V,KOIVULUOTO H,et al.Effect of spraying parameters on the microstructural and corrosion properties of HVAF-sprayed Fe-Cr-Ni-B-C coatings[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2015,277:81-90.

    • [34] DEMAREE J D,WAS G S,SORENSEN N R.Chemical and structural effects of phosphorus on the corrosion behavior of ion beam mixed Fe-Cr-P alloys[J].Cheminform,1993,24(22):6-12.

    • [35] MIURA H,ISA S,OMURO K.Production of amorphous Fe-Ni based alloys by flame-spray quenching[J].Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals,1981,22:597-606.

    • [36] 杨曦,马文,韩继鹏,等.HVOF 制备铁基非晶涂层及其耐磨耐腐蚀性能[J].陶瓷学报,2019,40(5):619-623.YANG Xi,MA Wen,HAN Jipeng,et al.Preparation of Fe-based amorphous coating by HVOF and its wear and corrosion resistance[J].Journal of Ceramics,2019,40(5):619-623.(in Chinese)

    • [37] FARMER J C,HASLAM J J,DAY S D,et al.Corrosion resistance of thermally sprayed high-boron iron-based amorphous-metal coatings:Fe49.7Cr17.7Mn1.9Mo7.4W1.6B15.2C3.8 Si2.4 [J].Journal of Materials Research,2007,22(8):2297-2311.

    • [38] WANG Y,ZHENG Y G,KE W,et al.Corrosion of high-velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)sprayed iron-based amorphous metallic coatings for marine pump in sodium chloride solutions [J].Materials & Corrosion,2012,63:685-694.

    • [39] WANG Y,ZHENG Y G,KE W,et al.Slurry erosion-corrosion behaviour of high-velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)sprayed Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings for marine pump in sand-containing NaCl solutions [J].Corrosion Science,2011,53(10):3177-3185.

    • [40] LI J,YANG L,MA H R,et al.Improved corrosion resistance of novel Fe-based amorphous alloys[J].Materials & Design,2016,95:225-230.

    • [41] MA H R,CHEN X Y,LI J W,et al.Fe-based amorphous coating with high corrosion and wear resistance [J].Surface Engineering,2016:1-7.

    • [42] MA H R,LI J,JIAO J,et al.Wear resistance of Fe-based amorphous coatings prepared by AC-HVAF and HVOF [J].Materials Science and Technology,DOI:10.1080/02670836.2016.1160195.

    • [43] JAYARAJ J,SORDELET D J,KIM D H,et al.Corrosion behaviour of Ni-Zr-Ti-Si-Sn amorphous plasma spray coating[J].Corrosion Science,2006,48(4):950-964.

    • [44] 邱实,张连民,胡红祥,等.HVAF 制备铝基非晶合金涂层及其腐蚀行为研究 [J].中国舰船研究.2020,15(4):89-96.QIU Shi,ZHANG Lianmin,HU Hongxiang,et al.Preparation of HVAF prepared Al-based amorphous coating and its corrosion behavior characterization[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2020,15(4):89-96.(in Chinese)

    • [45] 靳磊,周海滨,黄早早,等.Fe 基和Al基非晶涂层制备及耐蚀性能研究[J].稀有金属,2019,43(12):1316-1324.JIN Lei,ZHOU Haibin,HUANG Zaozao,et al.Preparing and anti corrosion properties of Fe and Al-based amorphous coatings [J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2019,43(12):1316-1324.(in Chinese)

    • [46] 叶福兴,刘洛夫,崔崇.等离子喷涂制备铁基非晶合金涂层的结构及其耐腐蚀性能的研究[J].有色金属,2008(S1):70-73.YE Fuxing,LIU Luofu,CUI Chong.Structure and corrosion properties of Fe-Based amorphous coatings deposited by plasma spray[J].Nonferrous Metals,2008(S1):70-73.(in Chinese)

    • [47] 崔崇,叶福兴,兰学文,等.HVOF 喷涂Fe基非晶合金涂层的组织结构和耐腐蚀性能[J].热喷涂技术,2009,1(1):49-52,38.CUI Chong,YE Fuxing,LAN Xuewen,et al.Structure and corrosion properties of Fe-based amorphous coatings deposited by HVOF[J].Thermal Spray Technology,2009,1(1):49-52,38.(in Chinese)

    • [48] 李洋.力学因素作用下铁基非晶涂层腐蚀行为实验研究 [D].大庆:东北石油大学,2016.LI Yang.Research on the corrosion behaviorof Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings under mechanical factors [ D ].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2016.(in Chinese)

    • [49] 刘琛珩.铁基非晶涂层的制备及性能研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2019.LIU Chenheng.Study on preparation and properties of Fe-based amorphous coatings [ D ].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2019.(in Chinese)

    • [50] 纪秀林,顾鹏,王振松,等.激光重熔对电弧喷涂含非晶相铁基涂层性能的影响[J].表面技术,2019,48(4):68-74.JI Xiulin,GU Peng,WANG Zhensong,et al.Effect of laser remelting on slurry erosion and corrosion properties of Arc-sprayed Fe-based amorphous-containing coatings [J].Surface Technology,2019,48(4):68-74.(in Chinese)

    • [51] QIAO L,WU Y,HONG S,et al.Corrosion behavior of HVOF-sprayed Fe-based alloy coating in various solutions[J].Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance,2017,26:3813-3820.

    • [52] KAGA G Y,NOGUEIRA R P,BOTTA W J.Corrosion properties of Fe-Cr-Nb-B amorphous alloys and coatings [J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2014,254:238-243.

    • [53] BAKARE M S,VOISEY K T,CHOKETHAWAI K,et al.Corrosion behavior of crystalline and amorphous forms of the glass forming alloy Fe43Cr16Mo16C15B10 [J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2012,527:210-218.

    • [54] 龚玉兵,王善林,聂贵茂.煤油流量对HVOF铁基非晶涂层组织与性能的影响 [J].中国表面工程,2016,29(5):87-94.GONG Yubing,WANG Shanlin,NIE Guimao.Effects of kerosene content on microstructure and properties of HVOF Fe-based amorphous coatings [J].China Surface Engineering,2016,29(5):87-94.(in Chinese)

    • [55] WANG S L,LI H X,HWANG S Y,et al.Corrosion behaviors of coatings fabricated using bulk metallic glass powders with the composition of Fe68.5C7.1 Si3.3B5.5P8.7Cr2.3Mo2.5Al2.0 [J].Metals and Materials International,2012,18(4):607-612.

    • [56] CHEN Q,HU L,ZHOU X,et al.Effects of NaOH solution concentration on corrosion resistance of Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B amorphous alloy coatings [J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2012,41(1):152-156.

    • [57] ZHANG J,DENG C,SONG J,et al.Electrochemical corrosive behaviors of fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline coating on stainless steel prepared by HVOF-sprayed[J].Coatings,2019,9(4):226.

    • [58] WU J,ZHANG S D,SUN W H,et al.Enhanced corrosion resistance in Fe-based amorphous coatings through eliminating Cr-depleted zones[J].Corrosion Science,2018,136:161-173.

    • [59] WANG Y,JIANG S L,ZHENG Y G,et al.Effect of porosity sealing treatments on the corrosion resistance of high-velocity oxyfuel(HVOF)-sprayed Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings [J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2011,206(6):1307-1318.

    • [60] CHOI S J,LEE H S,JANG J W,et al.Corrosion behavior in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution of amorphous coatings prepared through plasma-spray and cold-spray coating processes [J].Metals and Materials International,2014,20(6):1053-1057.

    • [61] JIANG C,LIU W.Porosity and corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous coatings prepared by thermal spraying [J].Surface Technology,2017,46(5):238-243.

    • [62] JIANG Chaoping,LIU Wangqiang,QANG Gui,et al.The corrosion behaviours of plasma-sprayed Fe-based amorphous coatings[J].Surface Engineering,2018,34(8):634-639.

    • [63] 吕剑,刘超,韩宇,等.电站锅炉烟气余热利用耐腐蚀铁基非晶涂层材料研究[J].电力科学与工程,2014,30(12):13-18.LÜ Jian,LIU Chao,HAN Yu,et al.Analysis of utilizing anticorrosion Fe-based amorphous coating material with the flue gas waste heat in the power plant boiler[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering.2014,30(12):13-18.(in Chinese)

    • [64] 谢昂均.电站锅炉模拟烟气环境下的非晶涂层耐腐蚀性能研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2017.XIE Angjun.Research on corrosion resistance of amorphous coating in simulated flue gas environment for power plant boiler [D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2017.(in Chinese)

    • [65] 卢兰志.铁基非晶合金涂层设计与制备及性能研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2010.LU Lanzhi.Design and preparation of Fe based amorphous alloy coating and its properties [ D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2010.(in Chinese)

    • [66] 杭州联拓电力技术开发有限公司.火电锅炉涂层技术其应用———新闻报告[EB/OL].(2016-04-11)[2021-08-08].http://uct-power.com/cn/newsdetails.php?id = 20.Hangzhou Liantuo Electric Power Technology Development Co.LTD.Thermal power boiler coating technology and its application-News Report [ EB/OL].(2016-04-11)[2021-08-08].http://uct-power.com/cn/newsdetails.php?id = 20.

    • [67] 聂贵茂,黄诚,李波,等.铁基非晶合金涂层制备及应用现状[J].表面技术,2017,46(11):6-14.NIE Guimao,HUANG Cheng,LI Bo,et al.Fabrication and application status of Fe-based amorphous alloy coatings [J].Surface Technology,2017,46(11):6-14.(in Chinese)

  • 参考文献

    • [1] 缪金,杨立恒.电力设备金属腐蚀典型案例分析[J].焊接技术,2019,48(S1):87-91.MIAO Jin,YANG Liheng.Typical case analysis of metal corrosion of power equipment[J].Welding Technology,2019,48(S1):87-91.(in Chinese)

    • [2] 蒋莉.不锈钢表面导电聚合物涂层的制备及防腐蚀机理研究 [D].南京:南京大学,2019.JIANG Li.Study on preparation and anti corrosion mechanisms of conductive polymer coatings for stainless steel [ D].Nanjing:Nanjing University,2019.(in Chinese)

    • [3] 王雨顺,丁毅,马立群.铝及铝合金阳极氧化膜的封孔工艺研究进展[J].表面技术,2010,39(4):87-90,109.WANG Yushun,DING Yi,MA Liqun.Development of sealing technology of anodized aluminum and aluminum alloys [J].Surface Coating,2010,39(4):87-90,109.(in Chinese)

    • [4] 张明霞,镍基合金镀层的制备及其耐磨耐腐性能研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2018.ZHANG Mingxia.Preparation and wear,corrosion resistance of Ni-based alloy coatings[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2018.(in Chinese)

    • [5] XU H F,XIAO J K,ZHANG G,et al.Progress of thermal sprayed NiCrBSi based wear-resistant coatings [J].Surface Technology,2016,45(2):109-117.

    • [6] NAKA M,HASHIMOTO K,MASUMOTO T,et al.Corroison resistivity of amorphous iron alloys containing chromium [J].Centro De Matemática Da Universidade De Coimbra,1974,26(9):93-94.

    • [7] NAKA M,HASHIMOTO K,MASUMOTO T,et al.Effect of heat treatment on corrosion behaviro of amorphous Fe-Cr-P-C and Fe-Ni-Cr-P-B alloys in 1N Hcl[J].Corrosion,1980,36(12):679-686.

    • [8] 聂贵茂,黄诚,李波,等.铁基非晶合金涂层制备及应用现状[J].表面技术,2017,46(11):6-14.NIE Guimao,HUANG Cheng,LI Bo,et al.Fabrication and application status of Fe-based amorphous alloy coatings [J].Surface Technology,2017,46(11):6-14.(in Chinese)

    • [9] KISHITAKE K,ERA H,OTSUBO F.Thermal-sprayed Fe10CM3P7C amorphous coatings possessing excellent corrosion resistance[J].Journal of Thermal Spray Technology,1996,5(4):476-482.

    • [10] 李春燕,丁娟强,朱福平.热喷涂技术制备铁基非晶涂层的研究进展 [J].功能材料,2018,49(12):12056-12061,12070.LI Chunyan,DING Juanqiang,ZHU Fuping.Research progress of Fe-based amorphous coating prepared by thermal spraying technology[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2018,49(12):12056-12061,12070.(in Chinese)

    • [11] 范建文,梁秀兵,张志彬,等.铝基非晶合金防腐蚀耐磨损性能的研究进展[J].材料保护,2017,50(8):72-76.FAN Jianwen,LIANG Xiubing,ZHANG Zhibin,et al.Research development on corrosion and wear resistance of Al-Based amorphous alloys [J].Materials Protection,2017,50(8):72-76.(in Chinese)

    • [12] 梁志芳,李午申,王迎娜.热喷涂制备非晶合金涂层的研究状况[J].焊接技术,2006,6:5-7,87.LIANG Zhifang,LI Wushen,WANG Yinna.Research situation of amorphous alloy coating prepared by thermal spraying [J].Welding Technology,2006,6:5-7,87.(in Chinese)

    • [13] OKSA M,TUURNA S,VARIS T.Increased lifetime for biomass and waste to energy power plant boilers with HVOF coatings:high temperature corrosion testing under chlorine-containing molten salt[J].Journal of Thermal Spray Technology,2013,22(5):783-796.

    • [14] SADEGHIMERESHT E,REDDY L,HUSSAIN T,et al.Chlorine-induced high temperature corrosion of HVAF-sprayed Ni-based alumina and chromia forming coatings [J].Corrosion Science,2017,132:170-184.

    • [15] OKSA M,VARIS T,RUUSUVUORI K.Performance testing of iron based thermally sprayed HVOF coatings in a biomass-fired fluidised bed boiler[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2014,251:191-200.

    • [16] 胡江,刘文举,周昊,等.高耐蚀耐磨非晶纳米晶复合涂层在水轮机转轮上的应用[J].中国水能及电气化,2011,78(7):44-47.HU Jiang,LIU Wenju,ZHOU Hao,et al.Application of amorphous composite coating of high corrosion and wear resistance on wheels of water turbine [J].China Water Power & Electrification,2011,78(7):44-47.(in Chinese)

    • [17] ZHOU Z,WANG L,WANG F C,et al.Formation and corrosion behavior of Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings by HVOF thermal spraying[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2009,204(5):563-570.

    • [18] WANG Aiping,CHANG Xinchun,HOU Wangliang,et al.Preparation and corrosion properties of Ni-based amorphous alloy coating [J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2006,42(5):537-539.

    • [19] GAO M,LU W,YANG B,et al.High corrosion and wear resistance of Al-based amorphous metallic coating synthesized by HVAF spraying[J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2018,735,1363-1373.

    • [20] LI C,CHEN W,JIANG Q,et al.Corrosion resistance of Ti-based metallic glass coating in concentrated nitric acid [J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2014,143(3):900-903.

    • [21] NINGSHEN S,MUDALI M,KRISHNAN R,et al.Corrosion behavior of Zr-based metallic glass coating on type 304L stainless steel by pulsed laser deposition method[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2011,205(15):3961-3966.

    • [22] 曹蔚琦.螺旋桨叶片腐蚀失效机理的研究及镍基防护层的制备与优化[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2015.CAO Weiqi.Preparation and optimization of Ni-based coating based on the corrosion of propeller blades[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2015.(in Chinese)

    • [23] 商俊超,梁秀兵,郭永明,等.高速电弧喷涂镍基非晶纳米晶复合涂层及其磨损性能研究[J].装甲兵工程学院学报,2013,27(2):84-87.SHANG Junchao,LIANG Xiubing,GUO Yongming,et al.High velocity arc spraying Ni-based amorphous nanocrystalline composite coating and its wear properties [J].Journal of Academy of Armored Force Engineering,2013,27(2):84-87.(in Chinese)

    • [24] YANG B J,YAO J H,ZHANG J,et al.Al-rich bulk metallic glasses with plasticity and ultrahigh specific strength[J].Scripta Materialia,2009,61(2):423-426.

    • [25] WU N C,ZUO L,WANG J Q,et al.Designing aluminumrich bulk metallic glasses via electronic-structure-guided microalloying [J].Acta Materialia,2016,108:143-151.

    • [26] LIAO J P,YANG B J,LU W Y,et al.Evaluation of glass formation and critical casting diameter in Al-based metallic glasses[J].Materials and Design,2015,88(1):222-226.

    • [27] LI Ran,ZHOU Zheng,HE Dingyong,et al,Wear and corrosion behavior of wire-arc sprayed Fe-based coatings [J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2013,39(10):1576-1580.

    • [28] KOBAYASHI A,KURODA T,KIMURA H,et al.Mechanical properties and microstructure of plasma sprayed Ni-Based metallic glass coating [J].AIP Conference Proceedings,2010,1282:33-38.

    • [29] QIN Yujiao,WU Yuping,ZHANG Jianfeng.Long-term corrosion behavior of HVOF sprayed FeCrSiBMn amorphous/nanocrystalline coating [J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(4):1144-1150.

    • [30] LI Ran,ZHOU Zheng,HE Dingyong,et al.Wear and corrosion behavior of wire-arc sprayed Fe-based coatings [J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2013,39(10):1576-1580.

    • [31] TONG Y,DAI Y.Microstructure and properties of Ni-Co/WC coating made through detonation gun spraying[J].Hot Working Technology 2004,5:12-14.

    • [32] 章小峰.HVOF 喷涂自润滑复合涂层的形成机理及特性研究 [D].武汉:华中科技大学,2008.ZHANG Xiaofeng.Study on forming mechanism of self-lubricating composite coating in HVOF spraying process and its characteristics[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2008.(in Chinese)

    • [33] MILANTI A,MATIKAINEN V,KOIVULUOTO H,et al.Effect of spraying parameters on the microstructural and corrosion properties of HVAF-sprayed Fe-Cr-Ni-B-C coatings[J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2015,277:81-90.

    • [34] DEMAREE J D,WAS G S,SORENSEN N R.Chemical and structural effects of phosphorus on the corrosion behavior of ion beam mixed Fe-Cr-P alloys[J].Cheminform,1993,24(22):6-12.

    • [35] MIURA H,ISA S,OMURO K.Production of amorphous Fe-Ni based alloys by flame-spray quenching[J].Transactions of the Japan Institute of Metals,1981,22:597-606.

    • [36] 杨曦,马文,韩继鹏,等.HVOF 制备铁基非晶涂层及其耐磨耐腐蚀性能[J].陶瓷学报,2019,40(5):619-623.YANG Xi,MA Wen,HAN Jipeng,et al.Preparation of Fe-based amorphous coating by HVOF and its wear and corrosion resistance[J].Journal of Ceramics,2019,40(5):619-623.(in Chinese)

    • [37] FARMER J C,HASLAM J J,DAY S D,et al.Corrosion resistance of thermally sprayed high-boron iron-based amorphous-metal coatings:Fe49.7Cr17.7Mn1.9Mo7.4W1.6B15.2C3.8 Si2.4 [J].Journal of Materials Research,2007,22(8):2297-2311.

    • [38] WANG Y,ZHENG Y G,KE W,et al.Corrosion of high-velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)sprayed iron-based amorphous metallic coatings for marine pump in sodium chloride solutions [J].Materials & Corrosion,2012,63:685-694.

    • [39] WANG Y,ZHENG Y G,KE W,et al.Slurry erosion-corrosion behaviour of high-velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)sprayed Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings for marine pump in sand-containing NaCl solutions [J].Corrosion Science,2011,53(10):3177-3185.

    • [40] LI J,YANG L,MA H R,et al.Improved corrosion resistance of novel Fe-based amorphous alloys[J].Materials & Design,2016,95:225-230.

    • [41] MA H R,CHEN X Y,LI J W,et al.Fe-based amorphous coating with high corrosion and wear resistance [J].Surface Engineering,2016:1-7.

    • [42] MA H R,LI J,JIAO J,et al.Wear resistance of Fe-based amorphous coatings prepared by AC-HVAF and HVOF [J].Materials Science and Technology,DOI:10.1080/02670836.2016.1160195.

    • [43] JAYARAJ J,SORDELET D J,KIM D H,et al.Corrosion behaviour of Ni-Zr-Ti-Si-Sn amorphous plasma spray coating[J].Corrosion Science,2006,48(4):950-964.

    • [44] 邱实,张连民,胡红祥,等.HVAF 制备铝基非晶合金涂层及其腐蚀行为研究 [J].中国舰船研究.2020,15(4):89-96.QIU Shi,ZHANG Lianmin,HU Hongxiang,et al.Preparation of HVAF prepared Al-based amorphous coating and its corrosion behavior characterization[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2020,15(4):89-96.(in Chinese)

    • [45] 靳磊,周海滨,黄早早,等.Fe 基和Al基非晶涂层制备及耐蚀性能研究[J].稀有金属,2019,43(12):1316-1324.JIN Lei,ZHOU Haibin,HUANG Zaozao,et al.Preparing and anti corrosion properties of Fe and Al-based amorphous coatings [J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2019,43(12):1316-1324.(in Chinese)

    • [46] 叶福兴,刘洛夫,崔崇.等离子喷涂制备铁基非晶合金涂层的结构及其耐腐蚀性能的研究[J].有色金属,2008(S1):70-73.YE Fuxing,LIU Luofu,CUI Chong.Structure and corrosion properties of Fe-Based amorphous coatings deposited by plasma spray[J].Nonferrous Metals,2008(S1):70-73.(in Chinese)

    • [47] 崔崇,叶福兴,兰学文,等.HVOF 喷涂Fe基非晶合金涂层的组织结构和耐腐蚀性能[J].热喷涂技术,2009,1(1):49-52,38.CUI Chong,YE Fuxing,LAN Xuewen,et al.Structure and corrosion properties of Fe-based amorphous coatings deposited by HVOF[J].Thermal Spray Technology,2009,1(1):49-52,38.(in Chinese)

    • [48] 李洋.力学因素作用下铁基非晶涂层腐蚀行为实验研究 [D].大庆:东北石油大学,2016.LI Yang.Research on the corrosion behaviorof Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings under mechanical factors [ D ].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2016.(in Chinese)

    • [49] 刘琛珩.铁基非晶涂层的制备及性能研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2019.LIU Chenheng.Study on preparation and properties of Fe-based amorphous coatings [ D ].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology,2019.(in Chinese)

    • [50] 纪秀林,顾鹏,王振松,等.激光重熔对电弧喷涂含非晶相铁基涂层性能的影响[J].表面技术,2019,48(4):68-74.JI Xiulin,GU Peng,WANG Zhensong,et al.Effect of laser remelting on slurry erosion and corrosion properties of Arc-sprayed Fe-based amorphous-containing coatings [J].Surface Technology,2019,48(4):68-74.(in Chinese)

    • [51] QIAO L,WU Y,HONG S,et al.Corrosion behavior of HVOF-sprayed Fe-based alloy coating in various solutions[J].Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance,2017,26:3813-3820.

    • [52] KAGA G Y,NOGUEIRA R P,BOTTA W J.Corrosion properties of Fe-Cr-Nb-B amorphous alloys and coatings [J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2014,254:238-243.

    • [53] BAKARE M S,VOISEY K T,CHOKETHAWAI K,et al.Corrosion behavior of crystalline and amorphous forms of the glass forming alloy Fe43Cr16Mo16C15B10 [J].Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2012,527:210-218.

    • [54] 龚玉兵,王善林,聂贵茂.煤油流量对HVOF铁基非晶涂层组织与性能的影响 [J].中国表面工程,2016,29(5):87-94.GONG Yubing,WANG Shanlin,NIE Guimao.Effects of kerosene content on microstructure and properties of HVOF Fe-based amorphous coatings [J].China Surface Engineering,2016,29(5):87-94.(in Chinese)

    • [55] WANG S L,LI H X,HWANG S Y,et al.Corrosion behaviors of coatings fabricated using bulk metallic glass powders with the composition of Fe68.5C7.1 Si3.3B5.5P8.7Cr2.3Mo2.5Al2.0 [J].Metals and Materials International,2012,18(4):607-612.

    • [56] CHEN Q,HU L,ZHOU X,et al.Effects of NaOH solution concentration on corrosion resistance of Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B amorphous alloy coatings [J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2012,41(1):152-156.

    • [57] ZHANG J,DENG C,SONG J,et al.Electrochemical corrosive behaviors of fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline coating on stainless steel prepared by HVOF-sprayed[J].Coatings,2019,9(4):226.

    • [58] WU J,ZHANG S D,SUN W H,et al.Enhanced corrosion resistance in Fe-based amorphous coatings through eliminating Cr-depleted zones[J].Corrosion Science,2018,136:161-173.

    • [59] WANG Y,JIANG S L,ZHENG Y G,et al.Effect of porosity sealing treatments on the corrosion resistance of high-velocity oxyfuel(HVOF)-sprayed Fe-based amorphous metallic coatings [J].Surface & Coatings Technology,2011,206(6):1307-1318.

    • [60] CHOI S J,LEE H S,JANG J W,et al.Corrosion behavior in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution of amorphous coatings prepared through plasma-spray and cold-spray coating processes [J].Metals and Materials International,2014,20(6):1053-1057.

    • [61] JIANG C,LIU W.Porosity and corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous coatings prepared by thermal spraying [J].Surface Technology,2017,46(5):238-243.

    • [62] JIANG Chaoping,LIU Wangqiang,QANG Gui,et al.The corrosion behaviours of plasma-sprayed Fe-based amorphous coatings[J].Surface Engineering,2018,34(8):634-639.

    • [63] 吕剑,刘超,韩宇,等.电站锅炉烟气余热利用耐腐蚀铁基非晶涂层材料研究[J].电力科学与工程,2014,30(12):13-18.LÜ Jian,LIU Chao,HAN Yu,et al.Analysis of utilizing anticorrosion Fe-based amorphous coating material with the flue gas waste heat in the power plant boiler[J].Electric Power Science and Engineering.2014,30(12):13-18.(in Chinese)

    • [64] 谢昂均.电站锅炉模拟烟气环境下的非晶涂层耐腐蚀性能研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2017.XIE Angjun.Research on corrosion resistance of amorphous coating in simulated flue gas environment for power plant boiler [D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2017.(in Chinese)

    • [65] 卢兰志.铁基非晶合金涂层设计与制备及性能研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2010.LU Lanzhi.Design and preparation of Fe based amorphous alloy coating and its properties [ D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2010.(in Chinese)

    • [66] 杭州联拓电力技术开发有限公司.火电锅炉涂层技术其应用———新闻报告[EB/OL].(2016-04-11)[2021-08-08].http://uct-power.com/cn/newsdetails.php?id = 20.Hangzhou Liantuo Electric Power Technology Development Co.LTD.Thermal power boiler coating technology and its application-News Report [ EB/OL].(2016-04-11)[2021-08-08].http://uct-power.com/cn/newsdetails.php?id = 20.

    • [67] 聂贵茂,黄诚,李波,等.铁基非晶合金涂层制备及应用现状[J].表面技术,2017,46(11):6-14.NIE Guimao,HUANG Cheng,LI Bo,et al.Fabrication and application status of Fe-based amorphous alloy coatings [J].Surface Technology,2017,46(11):6-14.(in Chinese)

  • 手机扫一扫看